Table 2.

Pharmacokinetic parameters (mean ± s.d.; (range)) for R-and S-pindolol, markers of renal cation secretion in healthy subjects.

	Markers (M) study arm	Markers + Fluconazole (F + M) study arm	P value*		(95% CI of difference)
Parameter	R	S	R	S	R	S
Cmax	32 ± 12	34 ± 12	34 ± 13	34 ± 10	0.464	0.812
(µg l−1)	(14–46)	(16–48)	(16,58)	(19,49)	(−6,2.6)	(−4.8,3.8)
tmax (h)	1.4 ± 0.6	1.4 ± 0.6	1.6 ± 0.7	1.6 ± 0.7	0.252	0.444
	(0.8–2.5)	(0.8–2.5)	(0.8,3.0)	(0.8,3.0)	(−0.62,0.14)	(−0.55,0.23)
Ae	1979 ± 790	2397 ± 808	2135 ± 868	2579 ± 892	0.229	0.232
(mg)	(683–3024)	(784–3334)	(875,3444)	(1148,4329)	(−396,84)	(−462,100)
CL/F	1005 ± 615	834 ± 402	820 ± 401	674 ± 154	0.101	0.131
(ml min−1) n = 11	(528–2388)	(416–1872)	(448,1768)	(434,862)	(−16,386)	(−31,352)
CLR	204 ± 41	225 ± 55	190 ± 41	209 ± 60	0.394	0.270
(ml min−1) n = 11	(140–261)	(153–296)	(141,260)	(153,297)	(−17,45)	(−10,41)
CLuR (ml min−1)	452 ± 92	499 ± 121	421 ± 92	465 ± 132	0.394	0.270
n = 11	(342–580)	(341–692)	(314,577)	(264,660)	(−38,100)	(−23,92)
CLfilt (ml min−1)	53 ± 15		58 ± 19		0.423
n = 11	(35–84)		(34–92)		(−14–6)
Net CLsecr	150 ± 49	171 ± 60	132 ± 45	152 ± 70	0.296	0.197
(ml min−1) n = 11	(91–203)	(69–253)	(66,225)	(33,253)	(−14.2,50.7)	(−8,47)

^*Paired t-test: Markers (M) vs Markers + Fluconazole (F + M) study arms.