Table 2.
Mean±s.e.mean for plasma noradrenaline before and after isometric handgrip and cold pressor. Median (Q1, Q3) for changes in plasma noradrenaline. Mean (95% CI) for the difference between verapamil and amlodipine, except for the difference in changes(* median, Q1, Q3).
| Noradrenaline (nmol l−1) | Placebo | Verapamil | Amlodipine | Difference | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Handgrip | |||||
| 1 min before test | 1.30 ± 0.03 | 1.39 ± 0.07 | 1.60 ± 0.08 | −0.14 (−0.21, −0.06) | < 0.001 |
| 1 min after test | 1.38 ± 0.03 | 1.49 ± 0.07 | 1.68 ± 0.08 | −0.19 (−0.28, −0.09) | < 0.001 |
| Change | + 0.04 (−0.13, 0.26) | + 0.09 (−0.11, 0.34) | + 0.04 (−0.20, 0.27) | −0.07 (−0.37, 0.41)* | 0.94 |
| Cold pressor | |||||
| 1 min before test | 1.35 ± 0.03 | 1.32 ± 0.07 | 1.59 ± 0.09 | −0.17 (−0.23, −0.10) | < 0.0001 |
| 1 min after test | 1.81 ± 0.05 | 2.06 ± 0.11 | 2.31 ± 0.13 | −0.30 (−0.51, −0.07) | 0.01 |
| Change | + 0.40 (0.19–0.72) | + 0.57 (0.30–0.93) | + 0.59 (0.28–0.94) | 0.13 (−0.42, 0.45)* | 0.34 |