Table 2.
Potential targets of genistein identified from an INVDOCK search of human and mammalian proteins
| PDB ID | Target name | Experimental findings | Therapeutic implications |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1a25 | Protein kinase C | Vascular disease (Pan et al., 2001), Heart failure (Pan et al., 2001), Cancer (Theodorescu et al., 1998) | |
| 1a27 | 17-beta-hydroxysteroid- dehydrogenase | Genistein inhibits this enzyme (Evans et al., 1995). | |
| 1a35 | Topoisomerase I | Genistein has anti- topoisomerase I effect (Kikuchi and Hossain, 1999). | Malaria (Dluzewski and Garcia, 1996), Cancer (Theodorescu et al., 1998) |
| 1a4r | G25 K GTP-binding protein | Genistein prevents agonist-induced G protein uncoupling (Reyes-Cruz et al., 2000). | Cancer (Theodorescu et al., 1998) |
| 1a7c | Plasminogen activator inhibitor | Genistein shifts urokinase/plasminogen activator inhibitor proteolytic balance (Fajardo et al., 1999). | Angiogenesis (Pan et al., 2001) |
| 1aa9 | C-HA-RAS | Genistein blocks RAS activation (Takahashi et al., 1997). | Cancer (Theodorescu et al., 1998) |
| 1akf | Estrogen receptor | Genistein binds to estrogen receptor beta (Barnes et al., 2000). | Cancer (Breast) (Morito et al., 2001) |
| 1awn | Guanylyl cyclase | Cancer (Theodorescu et al., 1998) | |
| 1azm | Carbonic anhydrase I | Kidney failure (Tomobe et al., 1998), Glaucoma (Yousufzai and Abdel-Latif, 1998), Cancer (Theodorescu et al., 1998) | |
| 1b3o | Inosine dehydrogen | Malaria (Dluzewski and Garcia, 1996) | |
| 1bbz | ABL tyrosine kinase | Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (Nishimura et al., 1988). | Cancer (Theodorescu et al., 1998) |
| 1bl7 | MAP kinase P38 | MAP kinase is blocked by genistein (Pecherskaya and Solem, 2000). | Cancer (Theodorescu et al., 1998), Arthritis (Martel-Pelletier et al., 1999) |
| 1bpx | DNA polymerase | Cancer (Theodorescu et al., 1998), Herpes viral infection (Swa et al., 2001) | |
| 1bup | HSP-70 (70 kDa heat shock protein) | Inflammation (Sadowska-Krowicka et al., 1998), Arthritis (Martel-Pelletier et al., 1999) | |
| 1bx4 | Adenosine kinase | Pain | |
| 1cpj | Cathepsin B | Arthritis (Martel-Pelletier et al., 1999) | |
| 1d3g | Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase | Malaria (Dluzewski and Garcia, 1996) | |
| 1d6n | Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) | Genistein marginally activates HPRT (Kulling and Metzler, 1997). | Malaria (Dluzewski and Garcia, 1996) |
| 1d8d | Farnesyltransferase | Cancer (Theodorescu et al., 1998) | |
| 1db4 | Phospholipase A2 | Inflammation (Sadowska-Krowicka et al., 1998) | |
| 1di8 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 | Genistein suppresses CDK2 activity (Kuzumaki et al., 1998). | Cancer (Theodorescu et al., 1998) |
| 1e0o | Fibroblast growth factor 1 | FGF effects on scleraxis are blocked by genistein (Kawa-uchi et al., 1998). | Cancer (Theodorescu et al., 1998) |
| 1fgi | FGF receptor 1 | Genistein blocks cytoplasmic receptor domain (Munoz et al., 1997). | Cancer (Theodorescu et al., 1998) |
| 1prg | Peroxisome proliferator | Diabetes (Orie et al., 2000) | |
| 1rts | Thymidylate synthase | Cancer (Theodorescu et al., 1998), Fungal infection | |
| 1ula | Purine nucleoside phosphorylase | Cancer (Theodorescu et al., 1998) | |
| 1vbt | Cyclophilin A | Immune response (Uckun et al., 1995) | |
| 2dhf | Dihydrofolate reductase | Bacterial infection (Sadowska-Krowicka et al., 1998), Cancer (Theodorescu et al., 1998), Malaria (Dluzewski and Garcia, 1996), Inflammation (Sadowska-Krowicka et al., 1998) | |
| 7odc | Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) | Effective inhibitor of ODC (Flamigni et al., 1999). | Cancer (Theodorescu et al., 1998) |
| 830c | Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 | Genistein down-regulates the expression of MMP-13 (Kim et al., 2001) | Cancer (Theodorescu et al., 1998), Arthritis (Martel-Pelletier et al., 1999) |
PDB ID is the accession number for a protein in the protein databank (PDB).