Table 1.
Factors related to clinical trials participation of Asian-American women as reported by oncologists (N = 44)*
| Physician Ethnicity
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Asian (N = 14) | Other (N = 30) | Total (N = 44) | |
| A. Medical Pathway: Provider | |||
| Mean Age in years† | 41.2 | 50.1 | 47.2 |
| Mean years in practice† | 8.6 | 18.1 | 15.1 |
| % | |||
| Male | 57.1 | 75.9 | 70.0 |
| Asian place of birth† | 46.2 | 0.0 | 14.3 |
| Speak an Asian language† | 71.4 | 0.0 | 22.7 |
| U.S. medical school training | 92.3 | 96.6 | 95.5 |
| Private practice | 57.1 | 34.6 | 42.5 |
| Teaching hospital affiliation | 69.2 | 88.9 | 82.5 |
| Proportion of Asian-American patients in practice | 22.5 | 19.8 | 20.7 |
| Have at least 10 Asian women with active cancer diagnoses | 46.2 | 52.2 | 50.0 |
| Have at least 10% of Asian women eligible for trials | 54.8 | 47.6 | 50.0 |
| Patients are not interested in trials | 35.7 | 23.3 | 27.3 |
| B. Community Pathway: Asian-American Women’s Barriers | |||
| Knowledge | % agree | ||
| Lack of knowledge about research and its concepts | 57.1 | 27.6 | 37.2 |
| Lack of knowledge about cancer | 35.7 | 17.2 | 23.3 |
| Attitudes and Beliefs | |||
| Fear that experimental is inferior to standard treatment | 50.0 | 24.2 | 32.6 |
| Fear of experimentation‡ | 50.0 | 20.7 | 30.2 |
| Belief that cancer is fatal or incurable | 21.4 | 20.7 | 20.9 |
| Lack of interest in contributing to science or community | 28.6 | 13.8 | 18.6 |
| Socioeconomic Factors | |||
| Fear of loss of time from work | 35.7 | 24.1 | 27.9 |
| Social Support | |||
| Deference of decision making to family | 64.3 | 44.8 | 51.1 |
| Deference of decision making to physicians | 42.9 | 28.6 | 33.3 |
| Fear of racial or ethnic discrimination | 0.0 | 3.5 | 2.3 |
| Culture | |||
| Reluctance of Asian-Americans to participate in trials | 21.4 | 27.6 | 25.6 |
| Access | |||
| Lack of transportation | 35.7 | 13.8 | 20.9 |
| Lack of adequate health insurance | 7.1 | 13.8 | 11.6 |
| My Asian-American patients are not eligible for trials | 7.1 | 6.9 | 7.0 |
| C. Pathways Interaction | |||
| Cultural and Linguistic Concordance | % agree | ||
| Researchers do not speak the same language | 53.9 | 48.3 | 50.0 |
| Lack of culturally relevant cancer information‡ | 64.3 | 32.1 | 42.9 |
| Patient Education | |||
| Trial protocol or informed consent too complex | 50.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 |
| Physician effort and time for informed consent | 28.6 | 26.7 | 27.3 |
| Physicians do not inform Asian-Americans about trials | 7.7 | 3.6 | 4.9 |
*
N for each cell may not equal N for the column due to missing values.
†
Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test comparing Asian and non-Asian oncologists, P ≤.001.
‡
Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test comparing Asian and non-Asian oncologists, P<.05.