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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2007 Oct 10.
Published in final edited form as: J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2005;(35):102–105. doi: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgi046

Table 1.

Factors related to clinical trials participation of Asian-American women as reported by oncologists (N = 44)*

Physician Ethnicity
Asian (N = 14) Other (N = 30) Total (N = 44)
A. Medical Pathway: Provider
 Mean Age in years 41.2 50.1 47.2
 Mean years in practice 8.6 18.1 15.1
%
 Male 57.1 75.9 70.0
 Asian place of birth 46.2 0.0 14.3
 Speak an Asian language 71.4 0.0 22.7
 U.S. medical school training 92.3 96.6 95.5
 Private practice 57.1 34.6 42.5
 Teaching hospital affiliation 69.2 88.9 82.5
 Proportion of Asian-American patients in practice 22.5 19.8 20.7
 Have at least 10 Asian women with active cancer diagnoses 46.2 52.2 50.0
 Have at least 10% of Asian women eligible for trials 54.8 47.6 50.0
 Patients are not interested in trials 35.7 23.3 27.3
B. Community Pathway: Asian-American Women’s Barriers
 Knowledge % agree
  Lack of knowledge about research and its concepts 57.1 27.6 37.2
  Lack of knowledge about cancer 35.7 17.2 23.3
 Attitudes and Beliefs
  Fear that experimental is inferior to standard treatment 50.0 24.2 32.6
  Fear of experimentation 50.0 20.7 30.2
  Belief that cancer is fatal or incurable 21.4 20.7 20.9
  Lack of interest in contributing to science or community 28.6 13.8 18.6
 Socioeconomic Factors
  Fear of loss of time from work 35.7 24.1 27.9
 Social Support
  Deference of decision making to family 64.3 44.8 51.1
  Deference of decision making to physicians 42.9 28.6 33.3
  Fear of racial or ethnic discrimination 0.0 3.5 2.3
 Culture
  Reluctance of Asian-Americans to participate in trials 21.4 27.6 25.6
 Access
  Lack of transportation 35.7 13.8 20.9
  Lack of adequate health insurance 7.1 13.8 11.6
  My Asian-American patients are not eligible for trials 7.1 6.9 7.0
C. Pathways Interaction
 Cultural and Linguistic Concordance % agree
  Researchers do not speak the same language 53.9 48.3 50.0
  Lack of culturally relevant cancer information 64.3 32.1 42.9
 Patient Education
  Trial protocol or informed consent too complex 50.0 50.0 50.0
  Physician effort and time for informed consent 28.6 26.7 27.3
  Physicians do not inform Asian-Americans about trials 7.7 3.6 4.9
*

N for each cell may not equal N for the column due to missing values.

Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test comparing Asian and non-Asian oncologists, P ≤.001.

Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test comparing Asian and non-Asian oncologists, P<.05.