Table 1.

Results from the literature for DXA and QCT measures vs. ex vivo vertebral strength.

Author	No. samples	Age	Specimen Type	Scan Type	Independent variable	Dependent Variable	R2
Edmondston[15]	250	29 – 88	Isolated vertebrae	DXA QCT	BMD tBMD	Fu, σu	0.46, 0.28 0.67, 0.53
Brinckmann[4]	98	19 - 79	Spinal sections	QCT	iBMD IBMD x Amin	Fu	0.38 0.64
Moro[13]	11	48 - 87	Spinal sections	DXA	BMD	Fu	0.69
Eriksson[5]	73	59 - 94	Isolated vertebrae	QCT	iBMD iBMD x Amin	Fu	0.23 0.55
Singer[20]	306	29 - 89	Isolated vertebrae	QCT	tBMD iBMD tBMD x Amin	Fu	0.08 0.74 0.69
McBroom[19]	40	63 - 99	Isolated vertebrae	QCT	TBMD	Fu	0.46
Ebbesen[16]	101	18 - 96	Isolated vertebrae	DXA	BMD tBMD	Fu, σu	0.83, 0.71 0.61, 0.76
Cheng[14]	62	68 + 16	Isolated vertebrae	DXA QCT QCT	BMD tBMD tBMD x Amin	Fu, σu	0.64, 0.40 0.40, 0.50 0.61, 0.40
Mosekilde[12]	30	43 - 95	Isolated vertebrae	QCT	TBMD	Fu, σu	0.52, 0.30
Lochmuller[22]	126	82 + 9	Spinal sections	DXA QCT	BMD tBMD	Fu	0.62 0.48
Eckstein[34]	39	79 + 11	Spinal sections	QCT	TBMD	Fu	0.66

QCT = quantitative computed tomography

DXA = dual x-ray absorptiometry

F_u = ex vivo ultimate axial compressive force

σ_u = ex vivo ultimate axial compressive strength

Spinal sections = two or more vertebrae with discs

A_min = minimum transverse plane cross sectional area

BMD = DXA-measured bone mineral density using anterior-posterior projection

tBMD = trabecular bone mineral density,

iBMD = integral bone mineral density, including vertebral cortex and endplates