Table 2.
Determinants of antenatal care and professional attendance at delivery in Bangladesh (1991–2004)
| Antenatal care consultation (one or more) | Professional attendance at delivery | |||||||||
| Live births (N = 23,769) | % | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis* | % | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis* | ||||
| OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | |||
| Year groups | ||||||||||
| 1991 – 1993 | 26.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 8.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 1994 – 1996 | 31.7 | 1.28 | (1.18, 1.39) | 1.09 | (1.00, 1.20) | 10.3 | 1.24 | (1.10, 1.42) | 0.90 | (0.78, 1.05) |
| 1997 – 1999 | 43.0 | 2.08 | (1.91, 2.27) | 1.48 | (1.34, 1.64) | 13.6 | 1.71 | (1.50, 1.95) | 0.95 | (0.82, 1.11) |
| 2000 – 2004 | 55.8 | 3.48 | (3.19, 3.79) | 2.52 | (2.28, 2.78) | 13.4 | 1.68 | (1.48, 1.91) | 0.96 | (0.82, 1.12) |
| Annual trend | ||||||||||
| 1991 – 2004 | 38.3 | 1.14 | (1.13, 1.15) | 1.11 | (1.10, 1.12) | 11.3 | 1.06 | (1.05, 1.07) | 1.00 | (0.99, 1.02) |
| Asset quintile | ||||||||||
| Lowest | 20.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 3.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Second | 24.8 | 1.27 | (1.13, 1.42) | 1.04 | (0.92, 1.17) | 3.8 | 1.24 | (0.96, 1.58) | 0.99 | (0.76, 1.28) |
| Middle | 33.7 | 1.96 | (1.76, 2.20) | 1.27 | (1.12, 1.44) | 5.8 | 1.90 | (1.50, 2.40) | 1.17 | (0.91, 1.51) |
| Fourth | 46.5 | 3.35 | (3.01, 3.74) | 1.60 | (1.41, 1.82) | 11.5 | 4.03 | (3.26, 5.00) | 1.72 | (1.36, 2.18) |
| Highest | 70.8 | 9.37 | (8.36, 10.50) | 2.59 | (2.24, 2.99) | 35.3 | 16.92 | (13.85, 20.67) | 3.06 | (2.40, 3.90) |
| Woman's education | ||||||||||
| None | 23.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 4.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Primary | 39.0 | 2.09 | (1.93, 2.26) | 1.48 | (1.35, 1.62) | 8.3 | 2.02 | (1.75, 2.33) | 1.29 | (1.09, 1.52) |
| Secondary | 65.7 | 6.10 | (5.58, 6.67) | 2.51 | (2.22, 2.83) | 23.8 | 7.00 | (6.15, 7.98) | 2.15 | (1.79, 2.59) |
| Higher | 94.8 | 52.89 | (37.27, 75.05) | 9.97 | (6.86, 14.47) | 66.8 | 44.99 | (36.95, 54.77) | 5.31 | (4.05, 6.95) |
| Husband's education | ||||||||||
| None | 25.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 4.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Primary | 35.7 | 1.59 | (1.47, 1.73) | 1.14 | (1.04, 1.26) | 7.1 | 1.61 | (1.38, 1.88) | 1.07 | (0.90, 1.28) |
| Secondary | 52.9 | 3.13 | (2.88, 3.41) | 1.40 | (1.25, 1.55) | 17.3 | 4.43 | (3.87, 5.08) | 1.61 | (1.36, 1.92) |
| Higher | 78.1 | 9.59 | (8.40, 10.95) | 1.79 | (1.50, 2.13) | 45.3 | 17.62 | (15.22, 20.40) | 2.41 | (1.94, 3.00) |
| Area of residence | ||||||||||
| Rural | 32.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 7.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Urban | 66.1 | 3.98 | (3.67, 4.31) | 1.97 | (1.79, 2.18) | 31.8 | 6.06 | (5.50, 6.68) | 2.70 | (2.39, 3.06) |
* Multivariate model controls for all variables in table plus age, parity, singleton birth, and administrative division.