Table 2.
Identification of individual drug entities included within drug groups in Dutch HDFs (n = 62). The cardiovascular tract.
| HDFs | HDFs | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drug group (ATC code) | Year* | n | (%) | Drug group (ATC code) | Year* | n | (%) |
| β-adrenoceptor blockers(C07) | Calcium channel blockers (C08) | ||||||
| Nonselective (C07AA) | Selective (C08C) mainly vascular effects | ||||||
| Alprenolol *** | 1967 | 2 | (3) | Amlodipine ** | 1990 | 50 | (81) |
| Bopindolol | 1988 | 0 | (0) | Felodipine | 1987 | 7 | (11) |
| Oxprenolol | 1968 | 4 | (6) | Isradipine | 1989 | 5 | (8) |
| Pindolol | 1970 | 28 | (45) | Lacidipine | 1992 | 1 | (2) |
| Propranolol+ | 1964 | 50 | (81) | Lercanidipine *** | 1997 | 0 | (0) |
| Sotalol ** | 1974 | 61 | (98) | Nicardipine | 1986 | 10 | (16) |
| Tertatolol | 1987 | 0 | (0) | Nifedipine **/+ | 1975 | 61 | (98) |
| Timolol | 1974 | 3 | (5) | Nimodipine Nisoldipine | 1985 1990 | 37 5 | (60) (8) |
| Selective (C07AB) | Nitrendipine | 1985 | 0 | (0) | |||
| Acebutolol | 1973 | 10 | (16) | ||||
| Atenolol **/+ | 1975 | 58 | (94) | Selective (C08D) direct cardiac effects | |||
| Betaxolol *** | 1983 | 0 | (0) | Diltiazem ** | 1973 | 61 | (98) |
| Bevantolol | 1988 | 0 | (0) | Gallopamil *** | 1989 | 0 | (0) |
| Bisoprolol | 1986 | 24 | (39) | Mibefradil *** | 1997 | 0 | (0) |
| Celiprolol *** | 1987 | 8 | (13) | Verapamil **/+ | 1963 | 62 | (100) |
| Esmolol | 1990 | 23 | (37) | ||||
| Metoprolol ** | 1975 | 59 | (95) | Non-selective (C08E) | |||
| Nebivolol *** | 1995 | 0 | (0) | Bepridil | 1981 | 0 | (0) |
| Also α-adrenoceptor blocker (C07AG) | |||||||
| Carvedilol *** | 1992 | 3 | (5) | ||||
| Labetalol ** | 1977 | 58 | (94) | ||||
| ACE-inhibitors(C09A) | Angiotensin-II inhibitors(C09C) None | 48 | (77) | ||||
| Benazepril | 1991 | 0 | (0) | Candesartan | 1997 | 0 | (0) |
| Captopril **/+ | 1979 | 62 | (100) | Eprosartan | 1997 | 0 | (0) |
| Cilazapril | 1990 | 0 | (0) | Irbesartan | 1997 | 0 | (0) |
| Enalapril(ate) ** | 1984 | 60 | (97) | Losartan | 1994 | 14 | (23) |
| Fosinopril *** | 1992 | 1 | (2) | Valsartan | 1996 | 0 | (0) |
| Lisinopril ** | 1988 | 33 | (53) | ||||
| Moexipril | 1996 | 0 | (0) | ||||
| Perindopril *** | 1989 | 7 | (11) | ||||
| Quinapril *** | 1989 | 10 | (16) | ||||
| Ramipril | 1989 | 1 | (2) | ||||
| Spirapril | 1993 | 0 | (0) | ||||
| Trandolapril *** | 1993 | 0 | (0) | ||||
*
Year of introduction to the pharmaceutical market
**
Recommended by national guidelines
***
Not preferred or insufficiently evaluated by guideline authorities; Drug entities without asterisks are not considered in national pharmacotherapeutic guidelines
+
Included in the 10th edition of the WHO EDL.