Table 1.
Mean (s.d.) Plasma and urine pharmacokinetic parameters of metformin when administered alone (met alone) and after pretreatment with metoclopramide (met[met]) and propantheline (met[prop]).
| Parameter | Met alone | Treatment Met[met] | Met[prop] | Comparisonb | Statistics c Ratio of means | 95% Confidence interval |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cmax | 1639 (484) | 1642 (522) | 1634 (498) | TC2 vs TC1 | 0.972 | (0.797, 1.184) |
| (ng ml−1) | TC3 vs TC1 | 0.972 | (0.802, 1.177) | |||
| tmaxa (h) | 3.0 (2.0, 5.0) | 2.5 (0.75, 3.5) | 3.5 (1.0, 6.0) | |||
| AUC(0,∞) | 9938 (2727) | 9674 (3376) | 12259 (3583) | TC2 vs TC1 | 0.917 | (0.749, 1.123) |
| (ng ml−1 h) | TC3 vs TC1 | 1.192 | (0.979, 1.451) | |||
| t½ (h) | 2.56 (0.52) | 2.93 (1.10) | 3.14 (0.84) | TC2 vs TC1 TC3 vs TC1 | 1.168 1.185 | (0.958, 1.432) (0.979, 1.444) |
| CLR | 387 (112) | 394 (180) | 403 (114) | TC2 vs TC1 | 1.040 | (0.892, 1.213) |
| (ml min−1) | TC3 vs TC1 | 1.047 | (0.903, 1.216) | |||
| %UR | 49.9 (9.13) | 47.9 (16.1) | 64.2 (8.48) | TC2 vs TC1 TC3 vs TC1 | 0.949 1.260 | (0.737, 1.218) (1.022, 1.570) |
a
median (range)
b
TC1: met alone; TC2: met[met]; TC3: met[prop]
c
Point estimates and 95% confidence intervals are based on adjusted means derived from anova.