Table 4.
Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for bladder cancer among regular users of NSAIDs, with adjustment for other drugs – stratified by tumor invasion, tumor grade and TP53 IHC intensity.
| Drug usea | Invasion | Noninvasive | TP53 IHC Intensity | |||
| Noninvasive | Invasive | Low grade | High grade | <3 | 3+ | |
| OR (95%CI)b | OR (95%CI)b | OR (95%CI)b | OR (95%CI)b | OR (95%CI)b | OR (95%CI)b | |
| Phenacetin | 2.4 (1.3–4.5) | 2.2 (0.9–5.1) | 2.2 (1.1–4.2) | 4.3 (1.0–17.9) | 2.0 (1.1–3.8) | 2.7 (1.2–6.5) |
| Paracetamol | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | 1.1 (0.5–2.2) | 0.5 (0.2–0.9) | 2.0 (0.6–6.4) | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) | 1.7 (0.8–3.5) |
| All NSAIDs | 0.7 (0.4–1.0) | 0.5 (0.3–1.0) | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 0.4 (0.1–1.4) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) |
| Aspirin | 0.6 (0.3–1.0) | 0.4 (0.2–0.9) | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) | 0.5 (0.1–1.8) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 0.4 (0.2–0.9) |
| Ibuprofen | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 0.7 (0.3–1.6) | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | 0.3 (0.0–2.3) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 0.6 (0.2–1.4) |
a Restricted to the 327 subjects having pathologic examination of tumor material and confirmation of diagnosis.
b Referent category is never use of NSAID medications. Model adjusted by age, sex, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and use of other NSAIDs and analgesics.