Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of STEMI patients across the 3 time periods
| Period 1 6/94–5/97 N=80,481 882 Hospitals | Period 2 6/97–5/00 N=90,927 1,563 Hospitals | Period 3 6/00–5/03 N=66,883 1,262 Hospitals | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No reperfusion therapy | 16,566 (20.6) | 10,406 (11.4) | 7,729 (11.6) | <0.001 |
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| Received fibrinolytic therapy | 54,299 (67.5) | 63,174 (69.5) | 37,129 (55.5) | <0.001 |
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| Received primary PCI | 9,616 (12.0) | 17,347 (19.1) | 22,025 (32.9) | <0.001 |
| Age, years | 63.2 ± 13.3 | 62.6 ± 13.2 | 61.8 ± 13.3 | <0.001 |
| Women | 26,377 (32.8) | 28,306 (31.1) | 19,888 (29.7) | <0.001 |
| Non-white | 10,463 (13.0) | 12,650 (13.9) | 9,791 (14.6) | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 28,895 (35.9) | 33,948 (37.3) | 26,779 (40.0) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 35,933 (44.6) | 42,302 (46.5) | 33,163 (49.6) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 15,956 (19.8) | 17,946 (19.7) | 12,746 (19.1) | <0.001 |
| Prior angina | 10,271 (12.8) | 8,231 (9.1) | 4,891 (7.3) | <0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 15,789 (19.6) | 16,007 (17.6) | 11,320 (16.9) | <0.001 |
| PCI | 6,263 (7.8) | 9,036 (9.9) | 8,076 (12.1) | <0.001 |
| CABG | 5,735 (7.1) | 6,270 (6.9) | 4,483 (6.7) | 0.006 |
| Congestive heart failure | 4,493 (5.6) | 4,206 (4.6) | 2,614 (3.9) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 3,371 (4.2) | 3,493 (3.8) | 2,432 (3.6) | <0.001 |
| Chest pain | 74,025 (92.0) | 85,212 (93.7) | 63,032 (94.2) | <0.001 |
| Symptom duration before hospital arrival | 2.9 ± 2.4 | 2.7 ± 2.2 | 2.7 ± 2.3 | <0.001 |
| Anterior STEMI | 28,789 (35.8) | 31,786 (35.0) | 22,811 (34.1) | <0.001 |
| Killip classification II, III or IV | 12,090 (15.0) | 11,178 (12.3) | 6,935 (10.4) | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 0.27 | |||
| <90 | 3,708 (4.6) | 4,084 (4.5) | 3,123 (4.7) | |
| 90 to 180 | 68,698 (85.4) | 77,704 (85.4) | 56,915 (85.1) | |
| >180 | 8,075 (10.0) | 9,139 (10.1) | 6,845 (10.2) | |
| Pulse, beats per minute | <0.001 | |||
| <50 | 3,847 (4.8) | 4,421 (4.9) | 3,396 (5.1) | |
| 50 to 100 | 65,807 (81.8) | 75,097 (82.6) | 55,340 (82.7) | |
| >100 | 10,287 (13.5) | 11,409 (12.6) | 8,147 (12.2) | |
| Admitted off-hours (7PM-7AM & weekends) | 44,482 (55.3) | 50,426 (55.5) | 36,920 (55.5) | 0.56 |
| Hospital ownership | <0.001 | |||
| Private-Not-For-Profit | 65,131 (80.9) | 73,181 (80.5) | 53,807 (80.5) | |
| Private-For-Profit | 5,325 (6.6) | 5,934 (6.5) | 4,503 (6.7) | |
| Public (non-federal) | 9,852 (12.2) | 11,660 (12.8) | 8,548 (12.8) | |
| Public (federal) | 173 (0.2) | 152 (0.2) | 25 (0.04) | |
| Teaching hospital | 7,536 (9.4) | 7,686 (8.5) | 5,470 (8.2) | <0.001 |
| Primary PCI at hospital | 39,998 (49.7) | 45,907 (50.5) | 42,374 (63.4) | <0.001 |
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| On-site cardiac surgery | 37,698 (46.8) | 43,472 (47.8) | 37,806 (56.5) | <0.001 |
CABG, coronary artery bypass graft surgery; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SBP, systolic blood pressure; STEMI, ST-elevation myocardial infarction