Table I. The prospectively randomized controlled trials comparing percutaneous or endoscopic with surgical biliary drainage.
| Bornman et al. 1986 22 |
Shepherd et al. 1988 23 |
Andersen et al. 1989 21 |
Smith et al. 1994 24 |
Nieveen et al. 2003 12 |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Percuta neous stent n=25 | Bypass n=25 | Stent n=23 | Bypass n=25 | Stent n=25 | Bypass n=25 | Stent n=100 | Bypass n=101 | Wallstent n=14 | Bypass n=13 |
| Success (%) | 76 | 80 | 92 | 96 | 88 | 95 | 93 | 100 | 100 | |
| Morbidity (%) | 28 | 32 | 30 | 56 | 36 | 20 | 29 | 58 | 7 | 8 |
| 30-day mortality (%) | 8 | 20 | 9 | 20 | 20 | 24 | 15 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
| Hospital stay (days) | 18 | 24 | 5 | 13 | 26 | 27 | 19 | 26 | 3 | 12 |
| Re-admission(s) (%) | 43 | 12 | NS | NS | NS | NS | 65 | 56 | ||
| Recurrent jaundice/cholangitis (%) | 38 | 16 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 2 | NS | NS |
| Gastric outlet obstruction (%) | 14 | 0 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 11 | NS | NS |
| Survival (weeks) | 19 | 15 | 22 | 18 | 12 | 14 | 21 | 26 | 17 | 27 |
NS, not stated in the article.