Table 4.

Hazard ratios (HRs)^* of endpoints in relation to categories of DASH Diet Index Score, IWHS

	Categories of DASH Diet Index Score
	0.5–3.5	4.0–4.0	4.5–5.0	5.5–6.0	6.5–10.0	p for trend
N at risk†	5017	2543	5100	4292	4041
Incident Hypertension
Person years	43542	22528	45150	37551	36289
n of events	978	466	977	858	731
HR1 (95% CI)	1.0	0.91 (0.81–1.02)	0.95 (0.87–1.04)	0.99 (0.90–1.09)	0.87 (0.79–0.96)	0.02
HR2 (95% CI)	1.0	0.94 (0.84–1.05)	0.99 (0.91–1.08)	1.06 (0.97–1.17)	0.97 (0.87–1.07)	0.96
CHD death
Person years	70445	35945	72155	60626	57560
n of events	155	65	154	146	100
HR1 (95% CI)	1.0	0.77 (0.58–1.04)	0.89 (0.71–1.11)	0.96 (0.77–1.20)	0.67 (0.52–0.86)	0.01
HR2 (95% CI)	1.0	0.85 (0.64–1.14)	1.02 (0.81–1.27)	1.14 (0.91–1.44)	0.86 (0.67–1.12)	0.69
Stroke death
n of events	60	29	50	52	45
HR1 (95% CI)	1.0	0.88 (0.57–1.37)	0.74 (0.51–1.07)	0.86 (0.60–1.25)	0.76 (0.51–1.12)	0.22
HR2 (95% CI)	1.0	0.91 (0.58–1.41)	0.76 (0.52–1.11)	0.91 (0.62–1.33)	0.82 (0.55–1.23)	0.44
All CVD death
n of events	273	122	273	254	199
HR1 (95% CI)	1.0	0.82 (0.67–1.02)	0.89 (0.75–1.06)	0.94 (0.80–1.12)	0.75 (0.63–0.90)	0.01
HR2 (95% CI)	1.0	0.89 (0.72–1.10)	0.99 (0.84–1.18)	1.09 (0.91–1.29)	0.93 (0.76–1.12)	0.85

CHD = coronary heart disease CVD = cardiovascular disease

^*HR1 is the hazard ratio per quintile of DASH score, relative to the first quintile, adjusted for age (continuous) and energy intake (continuous). HR2 is further adjusted for education (<high school, high school, >high school), BMI (continuous), waist/hip (continuous), smoking status (current, former, never) and pack-years (continuous), estrogen use (current, former, never), alcohol intake (0, <4, ≥4 g/d), physical activity (low, medium, high), and multivitamin use (yes, no, unknown).

^†Follow-up was from 1986 through 1997 for hypertension and through 2002 for deaths.