Figure 3.

Continued motor-skill learning across 24 h with wake or sleep first (Groups 5 and 6, modified from Walker et al. 2002). (A,B) Group 5: Following a single training session in the morning, subjects demonstrated no significant change in speed or error rate following 12 h of wake (RT1; solid bars) relative to the end of training (posttraining; PT). However, following a night of sleep, a significant increase in speed and decrease in error rate had developed (RT2; hatched bar). (C,D) Group 6: Subjects were trained in the evening, and showed significant improvements in speed and error rate after only 12 h, following a night of sleep (RT1, solid bar), but displayed no further significant improvements in speed or error rate with an additional 12 h of wake (RT2, hatched bars). Error bars, SEM; (Asterisks) significance (P) compared with previous time point at *<0.05; **<0.005