Opsonization of E. coli or N. meningitidis by factor D–deficient serum. (a) The kinetics of E. coli phagocytosis: circles, normal pool serum; upward triangles, serum of propositus V:7; downward triangles, serum of propositus with added factor D. Means ± SEM of three independent experiments. ANOVA showed P values less than 0.0001 between all means. Differences between results obtained at 20 and 30 minutes with factor D–deficient serum and either normal serum or factor D–deficient serum with added factor D are significant (P < 0.05, two-tailed P value). (b) The restoration by factor D of the E. coli opsonizing defect in all four factor D–deficient sera measured at 10% serum and 20 minutes of incubation. Open columns, without added factor D; filled columns, with added factor D (2 μg/ml). V:7, propositus; V:8, sister of the propositus; IV:8, mother of the propositus; IV:11, maternal uncle of the propositus. (c) The kinetics of N. meningitidis phagocytosis: circles, normal pool serum; upward triangles, serum of propositus V:7; downward triangles, serum of propositus with added factor D. Means ± SEM of five independent experiments. ANOVA showed P = 0.0015 between all means. Differences between results obtained at 15 and 30 minutes with factor D–deficient serum and either normal or factor D–deficient serum with added factor D are significant (P < 0.02; two-tailed P value).