Pig (ileum and colon) and cow (colon) gut tissues were cut into squares of 8 × 8 mm and 0.8 g of weight, washed, and incubated for 6 hours in DMEM with cultures of EDL933, EDL933ΔhcpA, EDL933ΔhcpA(pJX22), and EDL933ΔhcpA(pBAD-TOPO) obtained in Minca broth. Shown is the average of 3 experiments performed in triplicate. Note the reduction in adherence to animal intestinal sections of the hcpA mutant.