Fig. 1.
World distribution of the TLR4 haplotypes in human populations. Circles indicate allele frequency (red, Asp299Gly; yellow, Thr399Ile; and blue, Asp299Gly/Thr399Ile). The Asp299Gly haplotype is concentrated in Africa, and the Asp299Gly/Thr399Ile haplotype is concentrated in Europe. Arrows indicate the main out-of-Africa migration routes of modern Homo sapiens, based on refs. 19–21. Abbreviations used for the populations (and numbers): Ba, Basque, Spain (107); Nl, The Netherlands (209); Ge, Germany (632); Ro, Romania (102); Gr, Greece (162); Is, Israel (85); Ch, Han Chinese, China (100); Tr, Trio-Indians, Surinam (99); Do, Dogon tribe, Mali (241); Fu, Fulani tribe, Mali (243); Ca, Cameroon (142); Ta, Tanzania (121); Su, Sudan (101); In, Indonesia (98); and Pa, Papua New Guinea (49).
