Table 7.

Personality disorder and alcohol use disorder symptoms from early adolescence to age 38 (N = 600)

PREDICTORS		ESTIMATED EFFECT (SE)
BASIC MODEL
Intercept		1.319 (0.023)**
Age at first assessment		0.005 (0.003)
Linear change with age		0.003 (0.001)**
Quadratic change with age		−0.0006 (0.0001)**
Alcohol symptoms first assessment (Alc2)		0.305 (0.028)**
Parental substance use problems		0.033 (0.016)*
Family SES		0.030 (0.006)**
Axis I disorder		0.046 (0.016)**
Sex		0.083 (0.012)**
Race		0.050 (0.022)*
ADDED PD
Paranoid	Effect on mean	− 0.003 (0.033)
	Effect on linear slope	0.008 (0.004) *
	Interaction with Alc2	0.381 (0.090) ***
Schizoid	Effect on mean	− 0.059 (0.045)
	Effect on linear slope	0.001 (0.005)
Schizotypal	Effect on mean	0.038 (0.044)
	Effect on linear slope	0.002 (0.005)
Borderline	Effect on mean	0.019 (0.033)
	Effect on linear slope	− 0.0005(0.003)
Histrionic	Effect on mean	0.051 (0.025) *
	Effect on linear slope	− 0.002 (0.003)
Narcissistic	Effect on mean	− 0.113 (0.040
	Effect on linear slope	− 0.007 (−0.004)
	Effect on quadratic slope	0.002 (0.0005)**
	Interaction with Alc2	0.191 (0.076)**
Avoidant	Effect on mean	0.062 (0.033) .06
	Effect on linear slope	0.006 (0.004)
Dependent	Effect on mean	− 0.016 (0.030)
	Effect on linear slope	0.002 (0.004)
	Interaction with Alc2	− 0.288 (0.127) *
Obsessive-Compulsive	Effect on mean	− 0.039 (0.029)
	Effect on linear slope	0.001 (0.004)
Passive-Aggressive	Effect on mean	0.037 (0.033)
	Effect on linear slope	0.001 (0.004)
	Interaction with Alc2	0.196 (0.082) *
Conduct Disorder	Effect on mean	0.112 (0.040)**
	Effect on linear slope	− 0.005 (0.040)

Note: All parameter entries are maximum likelihood regression estimates fitted using SAS PROC MIXED and including all covariates. Age was centered by 23.

^*p < .05;

^**p < .01.