Table 1.
Main ultrasound techniques, parameters and reference values for detection of intra-ventricular dyssynchrony and prediction of LV reverse remodeling.
| Technique | Parameter | Authors | Cut-off point |
| M-mode | SPWMD | Pitzalis et al, J Am Coll Cardiol 2002 | > 130 ms |
| M-mode and PW Doppler | LWPSD | Sassone et al, Am J Cardiol 2007 | > 1 |
| PW Tissue Doppler | Diff. of Ts between LV segments | Bax JJ et al, J Am Coll Cardiol 2004 | > 65 ms |
| TVI | Ts-SD | Yu et al, Am J Cardiol 2003 | > 32.6 ms |
| TSI | Ts-SD | Yu et al, J Am Coll Cardiol 2005 | > 34.4 ms |
| SRI | TPS-SD | Mele et al, Eur Heart J 2006 | > 60 ms |
| SRI | ExcT | Porciani MC et al, Eur Heart J 2006 | > 760 ms |
| 2D radial strain | Time diff. in peak septal wall-to-posterior wall strain | Suffoletto et al, Circulation 2006 | ≥ 130 ms |
| 3D echo | Triplane Ts-SD | Van der Veire NR et al, Am J Cardiol 2007 | ≥ 35.8 * |
* acute (48 hours after CRT) response
CW = Continuous wave, ExcT = Sum of time exceeding aortic valve closure, IVMD = Inter-ventricular mechanical delay, LV PEP = Left ventricular pre-ejection period, LWPSD = Lateral wall post-systolic displacement, PW = pulse wave, SPWMD = Septal-to-posterior wall motion delay, SRI = Strain rate imaging, TSI = Tissue synchronization imaging, TVI = Tissue velocity imaging, Ts-SD = Standard deviation of time to peak Sm, TPS-SD = Standard deviation of time to peak strain