Detection of the Hrp pilus on the surface of P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000. (A) DC3000 grown on King’s medium B agar plates, and (B) DC3000, (C) hrcC, (D) hrpS, (E) pilA, and (F) pilD mutants grown on solid hrp-inducing medium were examined with a transmission electron microscope after staining with 1% potassium phosphotungstic acid (pH 6.5). One to three polar flagella of 15–18 nm in diameter are present on most rod-shaped bacteria (surrounded by dark shadows) in samples (A–F); in B, E, and F, many Hrp pili of 6–8 nm in diameter are also present (indicated by arrows). (Scale bars = 200 nm.) pilA and pilD mutants were kindly provided by D. Nunn (University of Illinois).