Abstract
Shake-flask and microcosm studies were conducted to determine the fate of para-chlorophenol (p-CP) in water and sediment systems and the role of sediment and nonsediment surfaces in the biodegradation process. Biodegradation of p-CP in estuarine water samples in shake flasks was slow over incubation periods of 300 h. The addition of detrital sediment resulted in immediate and rapid degradation evidenced by the production of 14CO2 from [14C]p-CP. The addition of sterile sediment, glass beads, or sand resulted in approximately four to six times more CO2 evolution than observed in the water alone. Densities of p-CP-degrading bacteria associated with the detrital sediment were 100 times greater than those enumerated in water. Bacteria in the water and associated with the sediment after preexposure of both water and sediment of p-CP demonstrated enhanced biodegradation. In some microcosms, p-CP was degraded completely in the top 1.0 cm of intact sediment beds. Sediment reworking activities by benthic invertebrates from one site were sufficient to mix p-CP deep into the sediment bed faster than biodegradation or molecular diffusion. p-CP was persistent at lower depths of the sediment, possibly a result of reduced oxygen conditions preventing aerobic biodegradation.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Fletcher M. Measurement of Glucose Utilization by Pseudomonas fluorescens That Are Free-Living and That Are Attached to Surfaces. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 Oct;52(4):672–676. doi: 10.1128/aem.52.4.672-676.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gordon A. S., Gerchakov S. M., Millero F. J. Effects of inorganic particles on metabolism by a periphytic marine bacterium. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1983 Feb;45(2):411–417. doi: 10.1128/aem.45.2.411-417.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lehmicke L. G., Williams R. T., Crawford R. L. 14C-most-probable-number method for enumeration of active heterotrophic microorganisms in natural waters. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Oct;38(4):644–649. doi: 10.1128/aem.38.4.644-649.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Morris D. L., Clarkson M. J., Stallbaumer M. F., Pritchard J., Jones R. S., Chinnery J. B. Albendazole treatment of pulmonary hydatid cysts in naturally infected sheep: a study with relevance to the treatment of hydatid cysts in man. Thorax. 1985 Jun;40(6):453–458. doi: 10.1136/thx.40.6.453. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ogram A. V., Jessup R. E., Ou L. T., Rao P. S. Effects of sorption on biological degradation rates of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid in soils. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985 Mar;49(3):582–587. doi: 10.1128/aem.49.3.582-587.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Spain J. C., Van Veld P. A., Monti C. A., Pritchard P. H., Cripe C. R. Comparison of p-Nitrophenol Biodegradation in Field and Laboratory Test Systems. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Nov;48(5):944–950. doi: 10.1128/aem.48.5.944-950.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Subba-Rao R. V., Alexander M. Effect of sorption on mineralization of low concentrations of aromatic compounds in lake water samples. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1982 Sep;44(3):659–668. doi: 10.1128/aem.44.3.659-668.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]