TABLE 2—
Association Between Fear of Crime and Mental Health, Physical Functioning, and Quality of Life Among Civil Servants Aged 50–75 Years: Whitehall II Study, London, England, 2002–2004
| Overall Common Mental Disorder, OR (95% CI) | Anxiety Subscale, Case OR (95% CI) | Depression Subscale, Case OR (95% CI) | SF-36 Physical Component Score, Mean (SE) | Walking Speed, m/sec, Mean (SE) | Lung Function Forced Expiratory Volume, L, Mean (SE) | CASP-19 Quality of Life, Mean (SE) | |
| Fear of crime, tertile | |||||||
| Lowest | 1 | 1 | 1 | 49.3 (0.1) | 1.23 (0.005) | 2.79 (0.02) | 50.3 (0.1) |
| Middle | 1.13 (0.94, 1.36) | 1.13 (0.95, 1.34) | 1.23 (0.96, 1.58) | 48.8 (0.2) | 1.22 (0.006) | 2.77 (0.02) | 49.1 (0.2) |
| High | 1.56 (1.32, 1.85)*** | 1.75 (1.49, 2.04)*** | 1.93 (1.55, 2.41)*** | 48.4 (0.2)*** | 1.21 (0.006)** | 2.75 (0.02)* | 48.2 (0.2)*** |
| Time living at current address, y | |||||||
| 2.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 48.5 (0.2) | 1.22 (0.006) | 2.78 (0.02) | 49.3 (0.2) |
| 5 | 1.03 (0.83, 1.26) | 1.01 (0.83, 1.23) | 1.33 (1.02, 1.74) | 49.1 (0.2) | 1.21 (0.008) | 2.81 (0.02) | 48.7 (0.2) |
| 11 | 0.91 (0.77, 1.07) | 0.94 (0.81, 1.10) | 1.04 (0.84, 1.29) | 48.9 (0.1) | 1.22 (0.004) | 1.75 (0.01) | 49.2 (0.1) |
| Gender | 1.05 (0.89, 1.23) | 1.15 (0.98, 1.34) | 0.82 (0.66, 1.01) | −1.0 (0.2) | −0.08 (0.008) | −0.95 (0.02) | 1.6 (0.2) |
| Age (per 1 y increase) | 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | 0.98 (0.97, 1.00) | −0.1 (0.001) | −0.008 (0.001) | −0.04 (0.001) | 0.04 (0.01) |
| Employment grade | |||||||
| High | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Medium | 1.22 (1.05, 1.42) | 1.07 (0.93, 1.23) | 1.12 (0.92, 1.37) | −0.7 (0.2) | −0.06 (0.007) | −0.16 (0.02) | −1.3 (0.2) |
| Low | 1.15 (0.89, 1.48) | 1.12 (0.89, 1.42) | 1.33 (0.97, 1.81) | −0.9 (0.3) | −0.14 (0.1) | −0.31 (0.04) | −1.5 (0.3) |
| Previous poor mental health casea | 6.62 (5.73, 7.64) | 9.01 (7.90, 10.28) | 14.25 (11.76, 17.28) | ||||
| Previous SF-36 physical component score | 0.6 (0.01) | 0.006 (0.0004) | 0.006 (0.001) | 0.3 (0.01) | |||
| Previous SF-36 mental component score | 0.4 (0.01) | ||||||
Note. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; SF = Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form 36; CASP = control, autonomy, self-realization, and pleasure. Model estimates for each outcome were mutually adjusted for age, gender, employment grade, length of residence, and previous mental health status. See “Methods” section for details on measures and scores.
aPrevious overall common mental disorder for column 1; previous anxiety case for column 2; previous depression case for column 3.
* P = .10; **P = .05; ***P = .001.