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. 2007 Oct 17;104(43):17228–17233. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0706741104

Table 1.

Categorization of aggression based on key behaviors of the aggressor

Aggression Potential for harm Key behaviors
Contact High risk (severe) Beating, stamping, thumping, slapping, kicking victim
Directed High risk (severe) Individual pursuit of victim but no physical contact
Nondirected Low risk (mild) Display charge but no pursuit of victim
Posture threat Low risk (mild) Pilo-erection, hunch walk, hunch sit