Table 1.
The Niles, IL, computation
m | P(14400, 9000, m) | Monte Carlo | P value |
---|---|---|---|
6 | 0.000005 | 0.000 | 1.000000 |
7 | 0.095395 | 0.096 | 0.999995 |
8 | 0.664954 | 0.678 | 0.904605 |
9 | 0.937864 | 0.944 | 0.335046 |
10 | 0.990843 | 0.993 | 0.062136 |
11 | 0.998788 | 0.998 | 0.009157 |
12 | 0.999852 | 0.999 | 0.001212 |
The computation of the exact values required <5 sec on a personal computer running algebra system Maple (available from the authors upon request). The Monte Carlo computations required ≈30 min. In both the Monte Carlo simulations and the exact calculations, we observed the expected rapid change of P values as m increases, emphasizing the need for exact P value calculations as disscussed in the text.