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Effect of VEGF on endothelial cell apoptosis assessed by TUNEL method. a) The number of TUNEL positive cells after TNF-α stimulation for 24 h. *p < 0.001 vs control; †p < 0.001 vs TNF-α. b) The number of TUNEL positive cells after LPS stimulation for 24 h. *p < 0.0001 vs control; †p < 0.001 vs LPS. n = 4 in each group. c) TUNEL method in HPAEC. Cells were unstimulated or stimulated by TNF-α, LPS, with or without the pretreatment of VEGF. Scale bar = 50 μm.
