Table 2.
Distribution of potential risk factors for mortality in the total population and separately by sex
| Total n = 1328a | Men n = 574a (43.2%; 95% CI: 40.6–45.9) | Women n = 754a (56.8%; 95% CI: 54.1–59.4) | p value | |
| Ageb | 71.5 (71.0–72.0) | 70.8 (69.9–71.4) | 72.3 (71.6–73.1) | <0.001 |
| Education | ||||
| Primary completed | 21.2 (19.0–23.4) | 30.7 (26.9–34.4) | 14.0 (11.6–16.5) | <0.001 |
| Primary not completed | 63.3 (60.7–65.8) | 61.1 (57.2–65.1) | 64.9 (61.6–68.4) | |
| Illiterate | 15.5 (13.6–17.5) | 8.2 (5.9–10.4) | 21.1 (18.2–24.0) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 63.7 (61.1–66.3) | 85.3 (82.4–88.2) | 47.3 (43.7–50.8) | <0.001 |
| Single | 3.6 (2.5–4.5) | 1.4 (0.4–2.3) | 5.2 (3.6–6.7) | |
| Widowed or separated | 32.7 (30.2–35.3) | 13.3 (10.5–16.0) | 47.5 (44.0–51.1) | |
| Living arrangements | ||||
| Alone | 12.5 (10.7–14.3) | 5.6 (3.7–7.5) | 17.8 (15.0–20.5) | <0.001 |
| Only with spouse | 42.7 (40.0–45.4) | 56.4 (52.2–60.3) | 32.4 (29.0–35.7) | |
| With children without spouse | 20.5 (18.3–22.7) | 8.2 (5.9–10.4) | 29.8 (26.6–33.1) | |
| With spouse and children | 20.3 (18.2–22.5) | 27.9 (24.2–31.5) | 14.6 (12.1–17.1) | |
| With others who are not the spouse or children | 3.9 (2.9–5.0) | 1.9 (0.8–3.0) | 5.4 (3.8–7.1) | |
| Family ties index (0–3)b | 3 (3-3) | 3 (3-3) | 2 (2-2) | <0.001 |
| Social participation index (0–3)c | 1.7 (1.6–1.7) | 1.8 (1.7–1.9) | 1.6 (1.6–1.7) | <0.001 |
| Contacts with friends | 48.0 (45.3–50.7) | 55.7 (51.7–59.8) | 42.0 (38.5–45.6) | <0.001 |
| Confidant | 70.6 (68.2–73.1) | 70.2 (66.5–74.0) | 71.0 (67.7–74.2) | 0.77 |
| Average received emotional support (0–3,5)b | 2.9 (2.9–2.9) | 2.9 (2.9–3.0) | 2.9 (2.8–3.0) | 0.20 |
| Average role in significant others' lives (0–3)b | 2.2 (2.2-2.2) | 2.3 (2.2–2.3) | 2.2 (2.1–2.2) | 0.01 |
| Physical activity | ||||
| Light | 24.3 (22.0–26.6) | 16.6 (13.5–19.6) | 30.2 (27.0–33.5) | <0.001 |
| Moderate | 72.7 (70.3–75.1) | 79.6 (76.3–82.9) | 67.4 (64.0–70.7) | |
| Vigorous | 3.0 (2.1–3.9) | 3.8 (2.3–5.4) | 2.4 (1.3–3.5) | |
| Depressive symptoms (0–60)b | 9 (8–9) | 6 (6–7) | 12 (11–13) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidity (0–10)c | 3.3 (3.2–3.4) | 2.8 (2.7–2.9) | 3.7 (3.6–3.8) | |
| Prueba Cognitiva de Leganés (Cognitive Testing in Leganés) (0–32)b,d | 26 (26-26) | 26 (26-26) | 26 (25–26) | 0.03 |
| Self-perceived health | ||||
| Very good/good | 31.7 (29.2–34.2) | 41.2 (37.3–45.3) | 24.4 (21.3–27.5) | <0.001 |
| Average | 50.1 (47.5–52.8) | 47.0 (43.0–51.1) | 52.5 (49.0–56.1) | |
| Poor/very poor | 18.2 (16.1–20.2) | 11.8 (9.2–14.5) | 23.1 (20.1–26.1) | |
| Disability | ||||
| Independent for ADLs and IADLs | 48.1 (45.4–50.7) | 58.5 (54.5–62.6) | 40.1 (36.6–43.6) | <0.001 |
| Not independent for IADLs | 30.8 (28.3–33.3) | 28.6 (24.9–32.3) | 32.5 (29.2–35.8) | |
| Not independent for ADLs | 21.2 (19.0–23.4) | 12.9 (10.2–15.6) | 27.5 (24.3–30.6) |
aWeighted results. bMedian and its 95% confidence interval. cMean and its 95% confidence interval. dNot transformed data (a higher score means a better cognitive function). CI: Confidence interval. ADLs: Activities of Daily Living. IADLs: Instrumental Activities of Daily Living.