Table 1.

 Immunomodulatory agents and associated infections

Target	Examples	Infection
Cells	Alemtuzumab, azathioprine, basiliximab, cyclophosphamide, ciclosporin, daclizumab, mycophenolate, rituximab, tacrolimus	Many, including Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus faecium
Peptide mediators	Adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab, tocilizumab	Staphylococci, streptococci, Listeria, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, malaria, Candida spp, mycobacteria, Nocardia