FIG. 1.

Humoral immune responses stimulated in mice vaccinated using cdiGMP as a mucosal adjuvant. (A) Kinetic analysis of anti-β-Gal IgG responses in sera from BALB/c mice (n = 5) immunized on days 1, 14, and 28 (indicated by arrows) with PBS (control), β-Gal (30 μg/dose), or β-Gal coadministered with cdiGMP (1 and 5 μg/dose) intranasally. (B) Analysis of antigen-specific secretory IgA in lung and vaginal lavage samples of immunized mice. Results are expressed as β-Gal-specific IgA titers per μg of total IgA. The standard error of the mean is indicated by vertical lines. Differences were statistically significant at a P value of <0.05 (*) with respect to mice receiving antigen alone. Data from one representative experiment out of three independent experiments are shown.