FIG. 3.

Cytokine profiles in supernatants of treated PBMCs collected before vaccination (n = 26). Cells were left untreated (media) or incubated with HPV16 L1 VLP, baculovirus extract, or flu (1:50) for 72 h. Supernatants were tested for cytokine content using multiplex cytokine analysis as described in the text. Results are presented as median cytokine levels in picograms per milliliter. P values were obtained from comparisons between media and stimulated cultures. A nonparametric Wilcoxon test was used to determine statistical significance. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant and is indicated with an asterisk (*). Only cytokines that exhibited a statistically significant increase in response to any stimulus are shown.