Table 3.
Test statistics for evaluation of the response and recovery to the stressful task
| Variable | rANOVA* | Baseline vs. 0–10 min | 0–10 vs. 50–60 min | 50–60 vs. 65–75 min |
| Surface electromyography | ||||
| Trapezius (μV) | F(2.5,105.6) = 7.3, p < 0.001 | t(43) = -2.9, p = 0.006 | t(43) = 1.0, p = 0.33 | t(43) = 3.1, p = 0.003 |
| Splenius (μV) | F(3.3,144.0) = 0.96, p = 0.42 | t(43) = 1.1, p = 0.28 | t(43) = 0.5, p = 0.62 | t(43) = -0.2, p = 0.80 |
| Temporalis (μV) | F(2.7,117.8) = 1.2, p = 0.31 | t(43) = 0.0, p = 0.96 | t(43) = -2.3, p = 0.03 | t(43) = -0.9, p = 0.39 |
| Frontalis (μV) | F(3.2,138.2) = 11.3, p < 0.001 | t43) = -3.8, p < 0.001 | t(43) = -0.4, p = 0.69 | t(43) = 3.3, p = 0.002 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | F(2.8,14.3) = 11.4, p < 0.001 | t(40) = -7.0, p < 0.001 | t(40) = 0.3, p = 0.78 | t(41) = 1.5, p = 0.15 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | F(3.0,118.2) = 17.4, p < 0.001 | t(40) = -7.6, p < 0.001 | t(40) = 0.4, p = 0.66 | t(41) = 0.1, p = 0.96 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | F(2.6,103.2) = 24.1, p < 0.001 | t(40) = -4.5, p < 0.001 | t(42) = 3.7, p = 0.001 | t(42) = 8.1, p < 0.001 |
| Respiration (breaths/min) | F(4.3,155.2) = 21.7, p < 0.001 | t(36) = -4.6, p < 0.001 | t(36) = 2.1, p = 0.04 | t(36) = 6.1, p < 0.001 |
| Finger skin blood flow (au) | F(2.6,113.2) = 6.2, p < 0.001 | t(43) = 3.6, p = 0.001 | t(43) = 1.8, p = 0.09 | t(43) = 1.6, p = 0.12 |
| Pain (VAS 0–100 mm) | ||||
| Maximal location (mm) | F(3.2,139.4) = 7.8, p < 0.001 | Z = -1.4, p = 0.17 | Z = -4.6, p < 0.001 | Z = -4.0, p < 0.001 |
| Shoulder (mm) | F(2.7,112.5) = 3.8, p = 0.02 | Z = -0.3, p = 0.75 | Z = -4.3, p < 0.001 | Z = -3.5, p < 0.001 |
| Neck (mm) | F(2.4,98.9) = 4.5, p = 0.01 | Z = -0.6, p = 0.52 | Z = -4.3, p < 0.001 | Z = -3.2, p = 0.001 |
| Temples (mm) | F(2.0,86.5) = 4.1, p = 0.02 | Z = -2.2, p = 0.03 | Z = -1.9, p = 0.06 | Z = -2.7, p = 0.006 |
| Forehead (mm) | F(2.1,89.5) = 4.0, p = 0.02 | Z = -2.5, p = 0.01 | Z = -2.7, p = 0.008 | Z = -2.7, p = 0.008 |
| Fatigue (VAS 0–100 mm) | F(3.2,129.0) = 17.0, p < 0.001 | Z = -0.6, p = 0.52 | Z = -5.2, p < 0.001 | Z = -4.4, p < 0.001 |
| Tension (VAS 0–100 mm) | F(2.6,104.7) = 16.1, p < 0.001 | Z = -2.4, p = 0.02 | Z = -4.5, p < 0.001 | Z = -4.9, p < 0.001 |
| 50–60 vs. 85–95 min | Baseline vs. 65–75 min | Baseline vs. 85–95 min | ||
| Surface electromyography | ||||
| Trapezius (μV) | t(43) = 2.8, p = 0.008 | t(43) = 0.9, p = 0.40 | t(43) = -0.12, p = 0.99 | |
| Splenius (μV) | t(43) = -7.1, p = 0.48 | t(43) = 1.4, p = 0.16 | t(43) = 0.65, p = 0.54 | |
| Temporalis (μV) | t(43) = 0.2, p = 0.83 | t(43) = -2.0, p = 0.05 | t(43) = -1.2, p = 0.24 | |
| Frontalis (μV) | t(43) = 4.5, p < 0.001 | t(43) = -1.7, p = 0.10 | t(43) = -0.44, p = 0.67 | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | t(41) = 0.54, p = 0.60 | t(40) = -7.1, p < 0.001 | t(40) = -6.5, p < 0.001 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | t(41) = -0.4, p = 0.69 | t(40) = -9.5, p < 0.001 | t(40) = -9.2, p < 0.001 | |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | t(42) = 7.0, p < 0.001 | t(40) = 3.1, p = 0.004 | t(40) = 3.2, p = 0.003 | |
| Respiration (breaths/min) | t(36) = 5.6, p < 0.001 | t(36) = 2.2, p = 0.03 | t(36) = 1.5, p = 0.14 | |
| Finger skin blood flow (au) | t(43) = 1.7, p = 0.10 | t(43) = 5.4, p < 0.001 | t(43) = 5.0, p < 0.001 | |
| Pain (VAS 0–100 mm) | 60 vs. 95 min | 0 vs. 75 min | 0 vs. 95 min | |
| Maximal location (mm) | Z = -4.0, p < 0.001 | Z = -2.5, p = 0.01 | Z = -2.4, p = 0.015 | |
| Shoulder (mm) | Z = -3.5, p < 0.001 | Z = -1.7, p = 0.08 | Z = -1.3, p = 0.20 | |
| Neck (mm) | Z = -2.7, p = 0.007 | Z = -2.1, p = 0.04 | Z = -2.2, p = 0.03 | |
| Temples (mm) | Z = -2.7, p = 0.007 | Z = -0.4, p = 0.72 | Z = -0.51, p = 0.61 | |
| Forehead (mm) | Z = -2.7, p = 0.007 | Z = -0.7, p = 0.48 | Z = -0.40, p = 0.69 | |
| Fatigue (VAS 0–100 mm) | Z = -4.4, p < 0.001 | Z = -3.2, p = 0.001 | Z = -2.6, p = 0.009 | |
| Tension (VAS 0–100 mm) | Z = -4.8, p < 0.001 | Z = -0.3, p = 0.78 | Z = -1.5, p = 0.13 | |
au: arbitrary units. BP: blood pressure
* ANOVA repeated measures (no between-subjects factors, time effect) with ten time intervals (baseline, 0–10, .., 85–95 min) and Huynh-Feldt corrected degrees of freedom. All other statistics are paired statistics (Student's paired t-tests for physiological variables and Wilcoxon paired statistics for subjective variables used in explorative contrast analysis).