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A model of SPI1 osmoregulation by nucleoid-associated proteins H-NS/Hha and activators HilD/HilC/RtsA. H-NS/Hha negatively regulate the hilA and rtsA genes under low-osmolarity conditions. HilD/HilC/RtsA derepress the rtsA gene. Under high-osmolarity conditions, HilD, HilC, and RtsA activate SPI1 genes directly and indirectly through hilA. For clarity, the proposed autoregulation of HilA, HilD, and HilC is not shown. Repression is indicated as “−” and activation as “+.”
