TABLE 2.
Physiological processes and significant desiccation-induced genes in B. japonicum
| Physiological process | ORF | Gene name and/or function | Desiccation-induced stress (fold induction)a
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 h | 24 h | 72 h | |||
| Sugar metabolism and transport | |||||
| Trehalose synthesis | bll0322 | Trehalose-6-phosphate synthetase (otsA) | 4.6 | 9.2 | 4.5 |
| bll0323 | Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (otsB) | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.9 | |
| blr6767 | Trehalose synthase (treS) | — | 2.7 | 6.2 | |
| General sugar metabolism | bll6764 | Glycoside hydrolase | — | 1.8 | 2.9 |
| bll6765 | Putative 4-α-glucanotransferase | 2.2 | 4.1 | 3.4 | |
| blr6766 | Putative glucanohydrolase | 2.0 | 4.1 | 1.5 | |
| blr0901 | Putative oligo-1,6-glucosidase | 1.7 | 3.0 | 2.4 | |
| bll6177 | β-Glucosidase | 2.4 | 2.3 | 1.6 | |
| blr2754 | Putative glycogen debranching enzyme | 1.8 | 3.1 | 4.6 | |
| bll7185 | Probable glucose 1-dehydrogenase | — | 2.2 | 1.8 | |
| bll5979 | Putative CDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase | 2.4 | 1.9 | ||
| blr6459 | Glycogen synthase (glgA) | — | 2.4 | 3.1 | |
| Pentose phosphate pathway | bll2817 | Gluconolactonase precursor | — | 5.6 | 6.3 |
| blr6758 | Probable transaldolase | — | — | 3.7 | |
| blr6759 | 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase | — | 1.9 | 4.2 | |
| blr6760 | Glucose-6P-1-dehydrogenase (zwf) | — | 2.5 | 4.4 | |
| blr6761 | 6-Phosphogluconolactonase | 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.7 | |
| blr6762 | Gluconokinase | — | 2.2 | 3.3 | |
| Sugar transporters | bll0324 | MFS-like sugar transport protein | 5.2 | 5.6 | 3.0 |
| blr3200 | ABC transporter sugar-binding protein | 2.5 | 10.0 | 4.1 | |
| blr3201 | ABC transporter ATP-binding protein | — | 1.5 | 2.5 | |
| bll3208 | ABC transporter sugar-binding protein | — | 2.5 | 2.6 | |
| blr2271 | ABC transporter permease protein | — | 2.5 | 3.2 | |
| Phosphotransferase system | blr0725 | σ54-dependent nitrogen regulator IIA (ptsN) | — | 5.8 | 3.9 |
| blr4948 | Nitrogen regulatory protein PII (glnB) | — | 2.4 | 2.6 | |
| blr0612 | Nitrogen regulatory protein PII (glnK) | — | 12.7 | 1.6 | |
| blr8148 | Phosphocarrier protein hpr (ptsH) | — | 1.7 | 1.9 | |
| blr3575 | Phosphocarrier protein hpr (ptsH) | — | 1.6 | 2.0 | |
| blr8147 | PTS system IIA component | — | 2.5 | — | |
| EPS formation | bll2362 | Succinoglycan biosynthesis (exoP) | — | 5.2 | 4.8 |
| bll7574 | UDP-hexose transferase (exoM) | — | 1.6 | 3.1 | |
| blr1499 | UTP-G1P uridylyltransferase (exoN) | — | 3.2 | 2.4 | |
| bll2752 | Probable glycosyl transferase group I | 3.9 | 11.4 | 17.8 | |
| blr2358 | Putative LPS synthesis transferase | — | 3.8 | 3.7 | |
| Transcriptional regulation | |||||
| Sensory regulators | blr0536 | cAMP-binding transcriptional regulator | 5.6 | 15.5 | 19.3 |
| bll7795 | Two-component response regulator | 1.6 | 5.0 | 7.0 | |
| blr8144 | Two-component response regulator | — | 4.0 | 4.9 | |
| bll5190 | Tryptophan-rich sensory protein (tspO) | — | 10.8 | 5.1 | |
| blr2475 | Tryptophan-rich sensory protein (tspO) | 2.0 | 2.3 | 3.7 | |
| Sigma factors and σ54-associated regulators | blr7797 | rpoE (σ24) | — | 1.8 | 2.4 |
| blr0723 | RNA polymerase σ54 subunit (rpoN2) | 2.2 | 10.0 | 13.9 | |
| blr0724 | σ54 modulation protein | — | 6.6 | 18.0 | |
| blr0725 | σ54-dependent nitrogen regulator IIA (ptsn) | 1.8 | 5.8 | 3.9 | |
| blr2037 | NifA-like regulatory protein | — | 4.2 | 3.7 | |
| blr4489 | Two-component sensor (ntrY) | — | 2.8 | 2.9 | |
| blr4490 | Two-component sensor (ntrX) | — | 2.5 | 3.4 | |
| bsr6672 | Transcriptional regulator (flbD-like) | — | 3.4 | 3.4 | |
| Oxidative stress response mechanisms | bll0735 | Organic hydroperoxide resistance protein | — | 3.4 | 3.7 |
| bll4012 | Organic hydroperoxide resistance protein | — | 3.0 | 1.9 | |
| bll7559 | Fe/Mn superoxide dismutase (chrC) | — | 1.5 | 3.3 | |
| bll7774 | Superoxide dismutase (sodF) | — | 3.3 | 3.6 | |
| blr5308 | Antioxidant protein (prxS-like) | — | 2.1 | 3.6 | |
| bll1317 | Peroxiredoxin (prxS-like) | — | 1.7 | 2.4 | |
| Heat shock response systems | blr4637 | HspC2 (hsp20) heat shock protein | — | 9.1 | 12.4 |
| blr3152 | Hsp70 family molecular chaperone | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.5 | |
| bll5226 | Heat shock protein (groES1) | — | 1.7 | 1.8 | |
| blr5625 | 10-kDa chaperonin (groES) | — | 2.3 | 2.0 | |
| bll5626 | 60-kDa chaperonin (groEL) | — | 1.7 | 1.7 | |
| bll7789 | Probable Hsp90 heat shock protein (htpG) | — | 2.3 | 1.7 | |
| blr7961 | Probable HspC2 heat shock protein | — | 2.6 | 1.6 | |
| blr6978 | Chaperonin (groES2) | — | 2.0 | 2.2 | |
| bsr7532 | 10-kDa chaperonin (groES) | — | 2.0 | 2.2 | |
| Nucleic acid modification and repair mechanisms | bll1447 | DEAD-box RNA helicase (rhlE) | 3.3 | 5.7 | 3.3 |
| bll0572 | Putative DNA topoisomerase I | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.5 | |
| bll4696 | DNA gyrase subunit A (gyrA) | — | 2.8 | 5.5 | |
| bll7350 | DNA primase (dnaG) | 2.7 | 2.3 | 2.8 | |
| bll6175 | Histone-like protein HU (hupA) | — | 2.7 | 5.0 | |
| blr0857 | Probable DNA glycosylase protein | 3.5 | 5.9 | 4.0 | |
| blr7493 | DNA mismatch repair protein (mutL) | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.3 | |
| bll0827 | DNA recomb. And repair protein (recF) | 1.5 | 1.7 | 2.1 | |
| bll8014 | Ku-like-ATP-dependent DNA helicase | — | 2.2 | 3.0 | |
| Membrane modification | blr0537 | Prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase | 2.8 | 3.9 | 5.0 |
| blr0638 | Maf-like protein | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.5 | |
| bll1464 | OpgC-like succinylation of glucans | 7.6 | 12.6 | 11.6 | |
| Pyrroloquinoline-associated factors | bsr6735 | Pyrroloquinoline synthesis protein (pqqA) | — | 1.5 | 6.0 |
| blr6736 | Pyrroloquinoline synthesis protein (pqqB) | — | 2.9 | 2.9 | |
| blr6738 | Pyrroloquinoline synthesis protein (pqqD) | — | 2.2 | 1.8 | |
| blr6739 | Pyrroloquinoline synthesis protein (pqqE) | — | 1.8 | 1.7 | |
| bll0332 | pqq methanol dehydrogenase-like | 5.3 | 12.9 | 2.6 | |
| bll0333 | Quinoprotein ethanol dehydrogenase | 7.7 | 13.1 | 3.4 | |
| bll6220 | Quinoprotein ethanol dehydrogenase | — | 4.6 | 4.3 | |
| Cation transporters | blr3803 | Potassium uptake protein | 2.6 | 2.1 | 2.5 |
| bll6262 | Osmotically inducible protein (osmC) | 1.9 | — | 3.5 | |
| blr2934 | Probable cation efflux protein | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.6 | |
| blr4937 | Probable cation efflux system protein | — | 1.7 | 2.1 | |
| Pili and flagella | bsl1442 | Pilin subunit (ctpA) | — | 5.8 | 20.6 |
| bsl7141 | Pilin subunit (ctpA) | — | 4.4 | 18.7 | |
| bsl3118 | Pilin subunit (ctpA) | — | 5.2 | 13.9 | |
| bsl6587 | Pilin subunit (pilA) | — | 5.3 | 13.1 | |
| bsr1550 | Pilus assembly protein (pilA2) | 1.7 | 2.2 | 1.8 | |
| blr3695 | Flagellin (flaA) | 2.5 | 5.0 | 2.0 | |
| bll6866 | Flagellin | — | 4.9 | 2.6 | |
| bll6865 | Flagellin | — | 2.2 | — | |
| bll5845 | Putative flagellin, C terminus | — | 9.2 | 6.0 | |
| bll5846 | Putative flagellin, C terminus | — | 6.4 | 5.9 | |
| bll2207 | Flagellar biosynthesis protein (flhA) | — | 1.7 | 1.6 | |
| blr7002 | Flagellar motor switch protein (fliN) | — | 2.6 | 2.0 | |
| Other desiccation-induced ORFs | blr2455 | Isocitrate lyase (aceA) | 11.7 | 31.9 | 17.8 |
| blr0241 | ACC deaminase (acaS) | — | 5.2 | 15.1 | |
| bll5191 | Fasciclin I-like adhesion domain protein | — | 36.4 | 36.5 | |
a
Significance based on a ≥1.5-fold induction cutoff, a false discovery rate of ≤5%, and an α of 0.05. —, not significantly induced.