TABLE 3.
Baseline values and estimated percentage within-person changes from baseline in adjusted urinary arsenic metabolites over time1
| Folate group (n = 96) | Placebo group (n = 98) | P for treatment × time interaction2 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| log (%InAs) | 0.0068 | ||
| Baseline | 2.66 ± 0.033 | 2.63 ± 0.03 | |
| Change up to week 1 (%) | −0.15 ± 0.044 | −0.06 ± 0.03 | |
| Change up to week 12 (%) | −0.31 ± 0.045 | −0.13 ± 0.044 | |
| % MMA | <0.0001 | ||
| Baseline | 12.55 ± 0.34 | 13.27 ± 0.41 | |
| Change up to week 1 (%) | −1.6 ± 0.265 | 0.43 ± 0.31 | |
| Change up to week 12 (%) | −2.6 ± 0.375 | −0.71 ± 0.43 | |
| % DMA | 0.0029 | ||
| Baseline | 72.02 ± 0.67 | 71.74 ± 0.75 | |
| Change up to week 1 (%) | 2.8 ± 1.036 | 0.48 ± 0.57 | |
| Change up to week 12 (%) | 5.9 ± 0.825 | 2.14 ± 0.716 | |
| PMI7 | 0.4639 | ||
| Baseline | 0.94 ± 0.04 | 0.97 ± 0.03 | |
| Change up to week 1 (%) | 0.04 ± 0.03 | 0.08 ± 0.048 | |
| Change up to week 12 (%) | 0.11 ± 0.058 | 0.13 ± 0.056 | |
| SMI9 | <0.0001 | ||
| Baseline | 6.46 ± 0.21 | 6.42 ± 0.31 | |
| Change up to week 1 (%) | 1.25 ± 0.185 | 0.04 ± 0.26 | |
| Change up to week 12 (%) | 2.88 ± 0.435 | 0.40 ± 0.32 |
Values were derived from fitted linear models with repeated measures after adjustment for sex, age, betel nut use, water arsenic, and urinary creatinine.
InAs, %MMA, and %DMA, the proportion of total urinary arsenic excreted as inorganic arsenic, monomethylarsonic acid, and dimethylarsinic acid, respectively; PMI, primary methylation index; SMI, secondary methylation index. The groups did not differ significantly before supplementation.
Based on a generalized score test.
x̄ ± SE (all such values).
Significant within-person change over time (Wald test on relevant model coefficients): 4P < 0.001, 5P < 0.0001, 6P < 0.01, 8P < 0.05.
Significant effect of time, P = 0.0029. Measured as the ratio of MMA to InAs.
Measured as the ratio of DMA to MMA.