Table 3. Effects of lignan supplemention vs. placebo on glycemic control and lipid profiles in 68 type 2 diabetic patients (full-analysis-set).
| Variable | Lignan treatment | Placebo treatment | Treatment difference (P value) | ||||
| Baseline | 12 weeks | Absolute change | Baseline | 12 weeks | Absolute change | ||
| Weight (kg) | 64.0±11.0 | 64.5±10.8 | 0.5±1.3* | 64.1±10.9 | 64.4±11.0 | 0.3±1.3 | 0.354 |
| BMI (kg/m2) # | 25.0±3.3 | 25.2±3.3 | 0.2±0.5* | 25.1±3.3 | 25.2±3.5 | 0.1±0.5 | 0.478 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 139.3±21.4 | 138.9±19.9 | −0.4±15.1 | 138.0±18.6 | 138.6±18.2 | 0.7±11.6 | 0.268 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 79.2±10.7 | 77.7±9.5 | −1.5±6.7 | 79.3±10.3 | 79.0±9.9 | −0.3±6.9 | 0.751 |
| HbA1c (%)# | 7.17±1.42 | 7.06±1.15 | −0.10±0.65 | 7.01±1.10 | 7.11±1.29 | 0.09±0.52 | 0.001 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) # | 8.12±2.60 | 7.83±2.33 | −0.29±1.61 | 7.90±2.31 | 8.04±2.52 | 0.14±1.37 | 0.829 |
| Insulin (µU/mL) # | 13.37±4.54 | 13.08±5.38 | −0.29±3.22 | 13.28±5.02 | 13.27±4.93 | −0.01±2.87 | 0.169 |
| HOMA-IR# | 4.74±1.86 | 4.49±2.06 | −0.25±1.55* | 4.59±1.91 | 4.65±1.88 | 0.06±1.20 | 0.142 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) # | 5.97±0.92 | 5.81±0.90 | −0.17±0.70 | 5.83±0.85 | 5.75±0.85 | −0.08±0.77 | 0.367 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 4.19±0.89 | 4.08±0.79 | −0.11±0.74 | 4.10±0.73 | 4.01±0.76 | −0.09±0.71 | 0.404 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) # | 1.38±0.34 | 1.36±0.30 | −0.02±0.24 | 1.37±0.32 | 1.35±0.34 | −0.02±0.25 | 0.243 |
| Triacylglycerol (mmol/L) # | 2.25±1.23 | 2.05±1.10 | −0.20±1.12 | 2.08±1.18 | 2.11±1.29 | −0.01±0.89 | 0.720 |
| ApoA1 (mg/dL) | 152.2±23.2 | 149.6±23.8 | −2.5±20.0 | 152.4±24.8 | 148.7±23.9 | −3.7±19.7 | 0.751 |
| ApoB (mg/dL) | 111.5±21.2 | 109.9±21.1 | −1.6±16.4 | 110.3±20.1 | 108.0±20.5 | −2.3±15.4 | 0.528 |
| Lp(a) (mg/dL) | 44.3±37.0 (n = 62) | 41.8±34.8 (n = 62) | −2.52±9.85 (n = 62) | 43.6±35.3 (n = 62) | 43.2±34.7 (n = 59) | −0.59±9.86 (n = 59) | 0.339 |
| Urine lignans (µg/mL)# | 1.21±2.39 | 14.20±18.1 | 13.0±18.2* | 1.37±2.50 | 2.33±7.32 | 0.97±7.12 | <0.001 |
| Urine isoflavones (µg/mL) # | 2.70±3.94 | 2.69±3.67 | −0.01±4.56 | 2.77±4.15 | 2.66±2.54 | −0.11±4.25 | 0.962 |
Data are mean±Standard Deviation. BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; apoA1, apolipoprotein A-1; apoB, apolipoprotein B; Lp(a), lipoprotein(a).
*
P<0.05 when compared with baseline data.
#
Data were not normally distributed. P value was calculated using natural-logarithmically transformed data.