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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2007 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Steroids. 2007 Feb 21;72(5):381–405. doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2007.02.003

FIG. 1. Effect of PI3-K/Akt on E2-induced TGF-β release in rat cortical astrocytes.

FIG. 1

A, Rat cortical astrocytes were cotreated with E2 in the presence or absence or the PI3K inhibitors, LY294002 (20 μM) and wortmannin (200 nM), or Akt inhibitor prevented the induction of TGF-β1 release by E2 after an 18-h treatment. B, Cotreatment of rat cortical astrocytes with E2 in the presence of MAPK kinase inhibitors, PD98059 (30 μM) and U0126 (10 μM), was without effect on E2-induced TGF-β1 release. C, Overexpression of a dnAkt construct prevented E2-induced release of TGF-β1 in rat cortical astrocytes. Conversely, myrAkt significantly increased TGF-β1 release compared with that by empty vector-transfected astrocytes. For all studies, there were six wells per group, and experiments were performed in three independent cultures. Different superscripts denote significant differences between groups (P < 0.05, by one-way ANOVA, Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test). Reproduced with permission from: Dhandapani, K. M. et al. Endocrinology 2005;146:2749-2759.