Table 4.
Internal factors | External factors | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study site | STRENGTHS (Desirable practices) | WEAKNESSES (Non-desirable practices) | OPPORTUNITIES (Benefits to performance) | THREATS (Obstacles to performance) | ||||
Kisumu | • Presence of mosquito control laws | P | • Low community involvement | S | • Government perception of mosquito control as a major public health priority | P | • Corruption in Kenya prevents enforcement of laws | P |
• Inter-sector funding | E | • Availability of international funds for malaria control | E | • Large percentage of population employed by informal sector; Low tax collection | E | |||
• Plans for guided community-based mosquito control | S | • Presence of existing community-based programs-Bamako Initiative | S | • Human behavioral practices may increase mosquito burden | S | |||
• Strategic planning for integrated mosquito control | T | • Synergy of mosquito control may be feasible | T | |||||
Malindi | • Presence of mosquito control laws | P | • Competing activities at national and local level | P | • Government perception of mosquito control as a major public health priority | P | • Corruption in Kenya prevents enforcement of laws | P |
• Plans for guided community-based mosquito control | S | • Lack of funding | E | • Local government desires to boost tourism | E | • Large percentage of population employed by informal sector; Low tax collection | E | |
• Strategic planning for integrated mosquito control | T | • Lack of good integrated mosquito control | T | • Availability of international funds for malaria control | S | • Human behavioral practices may increase mosquito burden | S | |
• Presence of existing community-based programs-Green Town Movement | T | • Topography may be a factor, which allow mosquitoes to propagate | T | |||||
• Synergy of mosquito control may be feasible | T | |||||||
Aswan | • Strategic planning for integrated mosquito control | T | • Poor awareness of the people | S | • High level of access to municipal services | T | • Government perception mosquito control as a minor public health priority | P |
• Egyptian Universities has conducted elaborate entomological research | T | • Low sanitation index | S | |||||
• Resource development projects may increase disease transmission | S | |||||||
• Human migration poses risk for increased disease transmission | S | |||||||
• Poor understanding of mosquito-borne disease transmission in Egypt | S | |||||||
• Mosquito control operations not based on scientific information and data of target vector | T | |||||||
Cairo | • Strategic planning for integrated mosquito control | T | • Restricted access to military sites where mosquitoes are known to be breeding | P | • Better mosquito control organization in capital city | P | • Government perceptions that reports of disease will affect tourism | P |
• Utilization of poor mosquito control methods | T | • High level of access to municipal services | S | • Low sanitation index | S | |||
• Egyptian Universities has conducted elaborate entomological research | T | • Human migration poses risk for increased disease transmission | S | |||||
• Poor understanding of mosquito-borne disease transmission in Egypt Mosquito control operations not based on scientific information and data of target vector | S | |||||||
• Presence of breeding sites that are difficult to control | T | |||||||
Tel Aviv | • Presence of mosquito control laws | P | • Restricted access to military sites where mosquitoes are known to be breeding | P | • New laws related to mosquito control are being written | P | • National security and terrorism threats makes control difficult | P |
• Good integrated mosquito control | T | • Short term funding for mosquito control | E | • Additional governmental funding for mosquito control is being provided | E | • New disease threats are causing a shift in funding | E | |
• Lack of inetersectoral collaboration | T | • Public awareness | S | • Community view that national and local governing bodies are responsible for providing all solutions to problems | S | |||
• Geography puts Israel at risk for West Nile outbreaks | T | |||||||
Puntarenas | • Government collaboration with community groups | P | • Limited training on vector biology and medical entomology for inspectors | T | • High level of acess to municipal services | S | • Buildings are built without regards to planning (no trained urban planners) | P |
• High inter-sector collaboration | P | • Lack of concordance between entomological indices and disease indices | T | |||||
• Strong media campaign | S | |||||||
• Good disease surviellance | T | |||||||
St. Augustine | • Presence of mosquito control laws | P | • Funding influenced by political climate | E | • Private sector may have interest in controlling mosquitoes | E | • Human behavioral practices may increase mosquito burden | S |
• Considerable funding | E | • Failure of insecticides | T | • Relatively low demographic pressure | S | • Changes in vector behavior in urban environment | T | |
• Good integrated mosquito control | T | • Low inter-sector collaboration | T | • Increasing mosquito control education being offered to Ministry Officers | S | |||
• Synergy of mosquito control may be feasible | T | |||||||
• Technical support from international organizations | T |
P=Political/Legal: refers to the political will, bureaucracy, and laws influencing mosquito control
E= Economic: refers to the funding aspect of mosquito control operations
S= Social: refers to the social interactions and views, and community involvement in mosquito control operations
T= Technological: refers to all aspects of the biological and technical aspects of mosquito control operations