Table 1.

Components of the physiotherapy intervention

Treatment component	Dosage
Soft tissue massage	6 mins each position
Anterior and posterior shoulder tissues performed in supine and sidelying respectively
Glenohumeral joint mobilisation	4 × 30 seconds each position
Anteroposterior and inferior joint glides in supine with shoulder at 45° and 90° abduction respectively
Thoracic spine mobilisation (T1-8)	Grade IV on each level – 4 mins in total
Performed in prone using a central posteroanterior technique
Cervical spine mobilisation (C5-7)	Grade IV on each level – 4 mins in total
Performed in prone using unilateral posteroanterior technique on both sides
Scapular retraining	Weeks 1 and 2 only
In sidelying, therapist passively moves shoulder through range from elevation/protraction to retraction/depression then assisted by participant then independently. Isometric holds in retraction/depression	15 reps × 5 reps with 10 sec holds
Postural taping	Continuous (day and night) for two weeks
Taping of the shoulders and scapula to encourage scapular retraction and depression and thoracic extension	Re-applied after one week by the therapist
Exercises	Home program:
Supervised and performed as home program	Twice daily in first two weeks
	Once a day thereafter