Table 2.

Description of specific exercises

Name	Description	Dosage	Weeks performed
Scapular setting	Sitting, isometric hold of scapula in retracted and depressed position	5 sec hold × 5 reps	Week 1 then maintained in all exercises
Self-resisted isometric ER	Standing sideways to wall. Upper arm squeezing a towel roll against body, elbow bent with forearm pushing into wall	5 sec hold × 5 reps	Weeks 1&2
Active ER	Sitting with shoulder in 45° Abd resting elbow and forearm on table in IR. Taking shoulder into ER	10 reps × 2	Week 1&2
Shoulder shrugs	Standing with arms slightly abducted and actively elevating scapula then lowering slowly	10 reps × 2 handweight	Week 1&2
Pectoralis minor stretch	Supine with arms in 45° Abd and elbows bent to 90°. Shoulders rotate into ER to stretch muscle	5 reps with 10 sec hold × 2	Weeks 2–6
Wall push up	Standing arms length from wall, hands at shoulder height and shoulders in 45° Abd. Body lowered to wall and then pushed away	5 reps × 2	Weeks 2–10
Chin tuck	Standing with head and back against a wall. Chin tucked in toward neck	5 reps × 10 sec holds	Week 2
Resisted external rotation	Sidelying with affected shoulder uppermost, elbow bent to 90° and holding weight in hand. Weight lifted up toward ceiling with upper arm against body	10 reps × 2 using hand weight	Week 2
Thoracic extension over towel	Supine on a firm surface with arms by side and lying on towel roll placed horizontally on floor at level of maximum thoracic curve	1–3 mins hold	Weeks 3–6
Resisted scapular setting – elbow extension with shoulder neutral	Standing, arm by side and elbow bent holding theraband attached in front at shoulder height. Elbow straightened and slowly flexed whilst keeping scapula in set position	10 reps × 2 using theraband	Weeks 3–6
Resisted external rotation	Standing, elbow bent to 90° and forearm along stomach and holding onto theraband at waist height. Keeping elbow in to side, pulling against theraband to perform ER	10 reps × 2 using theraband	Weeks 3&4
Resisted internal rotation	Standing, elbow bent to 90° and shoulder in ER and holding onto theraband at waist height. Keeping elbow in by side, pulling against theraband to perform IR	10 reps × 2 using theraband	Weeks 3&4
Resisted horizontal row	Standing, both arms outstretched holding onto theraband attached at waist height. Both arms pulled back toward trunk with elbows flexed	10 reps × 2 using theraband	Weeks 3–10
Resisted external rotation in supported 90° Abd	Sitting with shoulder supported in 90° Abd on table and forearm resting on table holding a weight in hand. Weight lifted toward ceiling keeping elbow on table	10 reps × 2 using hand weight	Weeks 5&6
Resisted internal rotation in supported 90° Abd	Sitting with shoulder supported in 90° Abd on table and forearm resting on table holding theraband attached behind. Hand taken to table to perform IR	10 reps × 2 using theraband	Weeks 5&6
Corner stretch	Standing with one hand on each corner wall at shoulder height and elbows bent. Leaning in toward corner to stretch anterior shoulder and thoracic spine	5 reps × 10 sec holds	Weeks 5–10
Resisted scapular setting – elbow flexion	Standing with hands at chest height, elbows bent and holding onto theraband which is then stretched apart by trying to straighten both elbows	10 reps × 2	Weeks 7–10
Resisted external rotation in unsupported Abd	ER performed in standing with shoulder unsupported in 45° scapular plane, elbow bent and holding theraband attached in front	10 reps × 2	Weeks 7–10
Resisted internal rotation in unsupported Abd	IR performed in standing with shoulder unsupported in 45° scapular plane, elbow bent and holding theraband attached behind	10 reps × 2	Weeks 7–10

ER = external rotation; IR = internal rotation; Abd = abduction