The evolutionarily conserved GPI glycan is necessary and sufficient to activate PTKs. (A) Intact GPI, GPI-PLD-generated IPG, and PLA2-generated lyso-GPI activate PTK as detected by phosphotyrosine Western blot analysis. (B) Activation of PTK was observed for equal concentrations of precursor GPIs Pfglα, Pfglβ, Pfglγ, and Pfglδ, but not Pfglɛ. (C) PTK is activated equally by the T. brucei GPI (simple glycan) and the P. falciparum GPI and iM4 GIPL of L. mexicana with minor additional mannose substitutions.