Figure 4.

Genetic code alterations reprogramme gene expression. (A) Transcriptome analysis indicates the percentage of genes with altered expression levels in ambiguous strains. Genes whose expression was both up- and downregulated by CUG ambiguity were grouped according to their functions. The genes that are included in the stress group from the pie-chart were further divided into the functional categories displayed on the adjacent column. (B) Proteome data show the percentage of proteins whose expression was altered in S. cerevisiae cells expressing C. albicans U₃₃ tRNA_CAG^Ser, distributed by functional categories. The proteins that are included in the stress group from the pie-chart were further divided into the functional categories displayed on the adjacent column. Both analyses indicate that genetic code ambiguity extensively remodelled gene expression, altered the expression of genes and proteins belonging to the stress response, protein synthesis, folding and degradation pathways, and general metabolism.