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. 2006 May 22;173(4):559–570. doi: 10.1083/jcb.200601014

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Copyright © 2006, The Rockefeller University Press

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Figure 2. — Knockout embryos develop normally up to E9.0, followed by a failure to thrive. (A) The wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) embryos at E9.0 (a and b) develop normally with appropriate cardiac size and function. The mutant embryo at E10.0 (d) appears normal, including normal cardiac morphology, but is small for its age. At E11.0, embryonic and cardiac development of the mutant is delayed with reduced body size and pericardial hemorrhage (f). Arrows point to the heart. (B) Histological analysis demonstrates normal development of the left ventricle and myocardium until E9.0. At E10.0, proper looping takes place, but ventricular wall thickness and trabeculation are reduced compared with wild-type animals (f vs. e; and Fig S2, available at http://www.jcb.org/cgi/content/full/jcb.200601014/DC1). At E11.0, the difference in wall thickness becomes more prominent and is accompanied by cellular infiltration of the knockout pericardium (f, arrowheads). A, atrium; LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium; V, ventricle; M, myocardium; T, trabeculation. Bars, 500 μm.