PIX–GIT1 and PIX–PAK interactions are required for increased protrusion and adhesion dynamics. (a, top) GIT1ΔSHD coexpression with S273D-paxillin led to the formation of large stable adhesions (arrows; Table III). (bottom) Control CHO-K1 cells coexpressing WT-GIT1 and S273D-paxillin showed small, dynamic adhesions in the protrusive regions of the cell (arrows; Table III). Bar, 5 μm. (b) CHO-K1 cells coexpressing PIXΔGBD and S273D-paxillin show small adhesions that exhibit rapid disassembly (arrows; Table III) in the protrusive regions of these cells. (bottom) Control CHO-K1 cells coexpressing WT-PIX and S273D-paxillin showed small adhesions (arrows) that disassemble very rapidly (Table III) in the protrusive regions of the cell. Bar, 10 μm. (c) Coexpression of PIXΔSH3 with S273D-paxillin in CHO-K1 cells led to the formation of large stable adhesions (arrows; Table III). Bar, 5 μm. (d) Immunostaining for PIX in CHO-K1 cells expressing S273D- or S273A-paxillin-GFP showed robust PIX localization to a region near the leading edge (arrows) in cells expressing S273D-paxillin. In contrast, the leading edge PIX localization was not observed in S273A-paxillin–expressing cells. Bar, 20 μm.