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. 2006 Aug 14;174(4):485–490. doi: 10.1083/jcb.200603156

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Copyright © 2006, The Rockefeller University Press

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Figure 3. — The enzymes regulating PI(3,4,5)P3 levels are reciprocally regulated during cytokinesis. (A) PI3K and PTEN are localized to the poles and furrow, respectively, of a D. discoideum cell undergoing cytokinesis (Janetopoulos et al., 2005). (B) PTEN localizes to the septa of S. pombe during cell division (Mitra et al., 2004). (C) Diagram depicting the reciprocal regulation of PI3K and PTEN in both migrating and dividing cells. The localization of the enzymes is controlled through the activation of heterotrimeric G proteins in migrating cells, whereas an unknown factor, possibly the spindle or microtubule apparatus, regulates the distribution of the enzymes during cytokinesis. PI(3,4,5)P₃ synthesis results in actin polymerization and membrane protrusion. Its inhibition, on the other hand, allows for the contraction of either the back of the cell or the constriction of the furrow and is associated with the actomyosin complex.