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Total plasma carotenoid concentration in WHEL Study intervention and comparison women at baseline, 1 y, and 4 y1
| n | Intervention | n | Comparison | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| μmol/L | μmol/L | ||||
| Baseline | 418 | 2.40 ± 0.07 | 458 | 2.47 ± 0.08 | 0.48 |
| Y 1 | 378 | 3.99 ± 0.13 | 425 | 2.40 ± 0.07 | < 0.0001 |
| Y 4 | 303 | 3.33 ± 0.13 | 367 | 2.34 ± 0.07 | < 0.0001 |
Values are means ± SEM. Total plasma carotenoid concentration is the sum of α and β carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene.
