Figure 4.

Origin of clavaminic acid synthetase (CAS) -like protein in Chromalveolata. ML tree of CAS and CAS-like proteins. The numbers above and below the branches are the results of ML and NJ bootstrap analyses, respectively. Only bootstrap values ≥ 60% are shown. The thick branches indicate ≥ 0.95 posterior probability from Bayesian inference. Branch lengths are proportional to the number of substitutions per site (see the scale bar). CH indicates chromalveolates. The name of the CAS protein-encoding gene that has been studied experimentally [49] is given in brackets. * The position of Alexandrium tamarense within the haptophytes clade was inferred from the analysis of a short C-terminal sequence.