Table 1.
Natural and synthetic ligands for PPAR isoforms.
| Isoform | Natural ligands | Synthetic ligands | Antagonists |
|
| |||
| PPARα | PGD2 | Fibrates | |
| PGI2 | Wy14 643 | MK866 | |
| LTB4 | GW9578, GW7647 | GW6471 | |
| 8S-HETE | NSAIDs | ||
|
| |||
| PPARβ | PGA1 | GW501516, GW0742 | Sulindac |
| PGI2 | L165041 | ||
|
| |||
| PPARγ | PGD2, PGJ2,15-d-PGJ2 | TZDs | BADGE |
| 9-HODE, 13-HODE | GW262570 | GW9662 | |
| 12-HETE, 15-HETE | NSAIDs | T0070907 | |
|
| |||
| PPARα, γ | — | GW2331 | — |
| Ragaglitazar | |||
|
| |||
| PPARα, β, γ | Saturated FAs | — | — |
| PUFAs | |||
BADGE: bisphenol A diglycidyl ether; FA: fatty acid; HETE: hydroxyeicosatetranoic acid; HODE: hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid; NSAID: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid; TZD: thiazolidinedione.