Table 1.
Distribution of maternal and early life characteristics among children who were examined at age 9 years compared to those who were not examined
| Examined | Not examined | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | No, % or Mean, SD | No, % or Mean, SD | ||
| Mother | ||||
| Maternal social class | ||||
| Manual | 55 | 24.7 | 120 | 35.0 |
| Non-manual | 168 | 75.3 | 223 | 65.0 |
| Maternal education | ||||
| < A levels | 128 | 58.8 | 220 | 64.3 |
| ≥ A levels | 89 | 41.2 | 122 | 35.7 |
| Primiparous | ||||
| Yes | 122 | 56.5 | 173 | 50.4 |
| No | 94 | 43.5 | 170 | 49.6 |
| Smoked in early pregnancy | ||||
| Yes | 48 | 22.2 | 91 | 26.5 |
| No | 168 | 77.8 | 252 | 73.5 |
| Smoked in late pregnancy | ||||
| Yes | 40 | 18.8 | 83 | 24.3 |
| No | 173 | 81.2 | 259 | 75.7 |
| Exercised strenuously in early pregnancy | ||||
| Yes | 37 | 17.2 | 66 | 19.2 |
| No | 178 | 82.8 | 277 | 80.8 |
| Exercised strenuously in late pregnancy | ||||
| Yes | 48 | 22.5 | 65 | 19.0 |
| No | 165 | 77.5 | 277 | 81.0 |
| Pre-eclampsia in pregnancy | ||||
| Yes | 16 | 7.40 | 29 | 7.90 |
| No | 200 | 92.6 | 338 | 92.1 |
| Age, y | 26.8 | 4.7 | 26.2 | 4.9 |
| Height, m | 1.63 | 0.66 | 1.64 | 0.64 |
| Prepregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 22.7 | 3.88 | 23.3 | 4.55 |
| Pregnancy weight gain, kg | 13.4 | 6.06 | 13.6 | 6.18 |
| Pregnancy weight gain category (Institute of Health recommendations) |
||||
| Inadequate | 95 | 44.2 | 143 | 39.6 |
| Adequate | 60 | 27.9 | 111 | 33.0 |
| Excessive | 60 | 29.3 | 99 | 27.4 |
| Mid-upper arm circumference in late pregnancy, cm |
27.1 | 3.23 | 27.5 | 3.38 |
| Child | ||||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 113 | 52.3 | 188 | 54.8 |
| Female | 103 | 47.7 | 155 | 45.2 |
| Duration of breast-feeding | ||||
| Never | 65 | 30.1 | 103 | 30.0 |
| ≤ 4 months | 96 | 44.4 | 141 | 41.1 |
| > 4 months | 55 | 25.5 | 99 | 28.9 |
| Premature | 16 | 7.41 | 22 | 5.95 |
| Birthweight, kg | 216 | 3.31 (6.25) | 343 | 3.41 (5.31) |
| Weight at 9 m, kg | 215 | 8.96 (1.18) | 343 | 9.16 (1.13) |