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. 2007 Aug 3;115(11):1631–1637. doi: 10.1289/ehp.10216

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BV2 microglia were exposed to P25 (20 ppm) for 3 hr and prepared for microarray analysis. IL-4, interleukin 4; PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (A) IPA’s Core analysis (metabolic/signaling pathways) indicated that up-regulated genes were clustered around signaling pathways involved with apoptosis, Death receptor families (i.e., caspase activation), calcium signaling, inflammation (NF-κB), and cell cycling and maintenance. (B) Toxicity Pathway analysis indicated that P25 up-regulated pathways were primarily associated with inflammatory (NF-κB), cell cycling and pro-apoptotic activities.