Table 6.
Lifetime Pesticide Exposure and the Association With Prevalent Chronic Bronchitis Among Non-smoking Farm Women in the Agricultural Health Study (1993–7).
| Chronic Bronchitis (n=583)
% |
Controls (n=20,958)
% |
Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| adjusted for age, state | multivariate adjusted* | |||||
| Insecticides | ||||||
| Carbamates | ||||||
| Carbaryl | 37 | 31 | 1.22 | (1.03, 1.45) | 1.19 | (0.99, 1.42) |
| Carbofuran | 3 | 2 | 1.77 | (1.09, 2.87) | 1.68 | (1.03, 2.74) |
| Organochlorines | ||||||
| Aldrin | 1 | 1 | 1.05 | (0.43, 2.57) | 0.70 | (0.23, 2.13) |
| Chlordane | 6 | 4 | 1.25 | (0.86, 1.81) | 1.00 | (0.65, 1.55) |
| Dieldrin | 1 | 0.3 | 2.52 | (1.01, 6.34) | 2.53 | (0.84, 7.56) |
| DDT | 7 | 3 | 1.64 | (1.16, 2.30) | 1.67 | (1.13, 2.47) |
| Heptachlor | 1 | 1 | 1.09 | (0.44, 2.68) | 0.68 | (0.22, 2.04) |
| Lindane | 3 | 1 | 1.80 | (1.04, 3.11) | 1.49 | (0.80, 2.78) |
| Organophosphates | ||||||
| Chlorpyrifos | 5 | 4 | 1.43 | (0.97, 2.10) | 1.21 | (0.74, 1.98) |
| Coumaphos | 1 | 1 | 0.75 | (0.31, 1.82) | 0.43 | (0.15, 1.19) |
| Diazinon | 14 | 10 | 1.47 | (1.15, 1.88) | 1.19 | (0.89, 1.61) |
| Dichlorvos | 4 | 3 | 1.83 | (1.20, 2.80) | 1.63 | (1.01, 2.61) |
| Fonofos | 3 | 2 | 1.56 | (0.90, 2.69) | 1.26 | (0.61, 2.60) |
| Malathion | 24 | 19 | 1.34 | (1.10, 1.63) | 1.21 | (0.95, 1.53) |
| Parathion | 2 | 1 | 1.96 | (1.03, 3.74) | 1.48 | (0.72, 3.03) |
| Phorate | 3 | 2 | 1.57 | (0.93, 2.66) | 1.38 | (0.72, 2.64) |
| Terbufos | 3 | 3 | 1.14 | (0.69, 1.90) | 0.66 | (0.33, 1.32) |
| Pyrethroids | ||||||
| Permethrin (crop) | 2 | 2 | 1.13 | (0.61, 2.07) | 1.05 | (0.56, 1.96) |
| Permethrin (animals) | 4 | 4 | 1.47 | (0.96, 2.26) | 1.53 | (0.99, 2.38) |
| Herbicides | ||||||
| 2,4-D | 16 | 15 | 1.29 | (1.02, 1.63) | 1.20 | (0.89, 1.63) |
| 2,4,5-T | 1 | 1 | 1.23 | (0.50, 3.02) | 0.97 | (0.37, 2.51) |
| Alachlor | 6 | 4 | 1.65 | (1.15, 2.38) | 1.28 | (0.72, 2.26) |
| Atrazine | 6 | 4 | 1.45 | (1.00, 2.09) | 0.91 | (0.51, 1.61) |
| Butylate | 1 | 1 | 1.12 | (0.55, 2.28) | 0.75 | (0.32, 1.77) |
| Cyanazine | 4 | 3 | 1.84 | (1.20, 2.81) | 1.88 | (1.00, 3.54) |
| Chlorimuron-ethyl | 1 | 2 | 0.86 | (0.42, 1.74) | 0.60 | (0.26, 1.37) |
| Dicamba | 5 | 4 | 1.39 | (0.92, 2.10) | 1.12 | (0.64, 1.95) |
| EPTC | 1 | 1 | 0.95 | (0.42, 2.16) | 0.59 | (0.22, 1.54) |
| Glyphosate | 33 | 33 | 1.07 | (0.89, 1.29) | 0.94 | (0.76, 1.17) |
| Imazethapyr | 3 | 3 | 1.25 | (0.76, 2.05) | 0.91 | (0.45, 1.83) |
| Metolachlor | 4 | 3 | 1.36 | (0.87, 2.13) | 1.07 | (0.56, 2.03) |
| Metribuzin | 3 | 2 | 1.77 | (1.04, 3.00) | 1.48 | (0.69, 3.17) |
| Paraquat | 2 | 1 | 1.94 | (1.09, 3.44) | 1.91 | (1.02, 3.55) |
| Pendimethalin | 2 | 1 | 1.01 | (0.57, 1.81) | 0.63 | (0.30, 1.32) |
| Petroleum oil | 5 | 3 | 1.68 | (1.14, 2.49) | 1.54 | (0.95, 2.49) |
| Trifluralin | 5 | 5 | 1.19 | (0.81, 1.74) | 0.89 | (0.53, 1.51) |
| Fungicides | ||||||
| Benomyl | 1 | 1 | 1.46 | (0.71, 3.01) | 1.21 | (0.52, 2.78) |
| Captan | 3 | 2 | 1.26 | (0.76, 2.10) | 1.10 | (0.61, 1.97) |
| Chlorothalonil | 2 | 1 | 2.07 | (1.11, 3.85) | 1.69 | (0.80, 3.57) |
| Maneb/Mancozeb | 2 | 1 | 1.30 | (0.74, 2.29) | 1.12 | (0.58, 2.16) |
| Metalaxyl | 2 | 1 | 1.47 | (0.81, 2.66) | 1.22 | (0.62, 2.38) |
| Fumigants | ||||||
| Methylbromide | 2 | 1 | 1.82 | (1.02, 3.24) | — | |
*
adjused for age, state, and variables within each group- organophosphates, organochlorines, carbamates, pyrethroids, fungicides, and fumigants