HPC (A), number of total bacteria (B), M. avium plate count (C), and M. avium analyzed by FISH (D) in the effluent waters and biofilms with different flow velocities. Symbols for biofilms: ▪, 0.1 m/s, CFU, or cells/cm2; □, 0.24 m/s, CFU, or cells/cm2. Symbols for water: ▴, 0.1 m/s, CFU, or cells/ml; ▵, 0.24 m/s, CFU, or cells/ml; ×, inlet water, CFU, or cells/ml. Error bars indicate standard deviations.