Table 1.
Occurrence of all fungi associated with C. maculata and C. austinae
|
C. maculata
|
C. austinae
|
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Fungus | Counties/states* | Fungus | Counties/states* |
| Russula graveolens HDT54290 | El Dorado; Glenn; Marin; Mendocino; Plumas; Siskiyou; Tehama; Clark, WA; King, WA | ||
| Russula flaviceps LT51 | Contra Costa; San Mateo | ||
| Russula sp. DED5585 | Contra Costa; San Mateo | Thelephoraceae 1 | Humboldt |
| Russula murrillii HDT53368 | Mendocino; Lane, OR; Lewis, WA | Thelephoraceae 2 | Glenn |
| Russula amoenolens SNF63 | Contra Costa | Thelephoraceae 3 | Glenn |
| Russula sp. SNF288 | Glenn; Lane, OR; Pierce, WA | Thelephoraceae 4 | Tehama |
| Russula sp. LT37 | Glenn; Tehama | Thelephoraceae 5 | El Dorado |
| Russula integra HDT54375 | Mendocino | Thelephoraceae 6 | Lane, OR |
| Russula sp. LT40 | Tuolumne | Thelephoraceae 7-I | El Dorado; Trinity; Tuolumne; King, WA |
| Russula californiensis HDT54442 | Contra Costa | Thelephoraceae 8 | El Dorado, Tehama; Trinity; Tuolumne |
| Gymnomyces abietis SNF74 | Alpine; Mono; Sierra | Thelephoraceae 9 | El Dorado |
| Lactarius sp. LT80 | Contra Costa | Thelephoraceae 10 | Glenn; Tehama |
| Russulaceae 1 | El Dorado; Plumas | Thelephoraceae 11 | Humboldt |
| Russulaceae 2 | Glenn; Mendocino | Thelephoraceae 12 | Monterey |
| Russulaceae 3 | Tehama | Thelephoraceae 13-I | Monterey |
| Russulaceae 4 | Humboldt | Thelephoraceae 14 | Humboldt |
| Russulaceae 5 | Summit, OH | ||
| Russulaceae 6 | Sauk, WI | ||
C. maculata associates exclusively with fungi of the Russulaceae, and C. austinae associates exclusively with fungi of the Thelephoraceae over the entire geographic range sampled. In total, 26 individuals of C. austinae were sampled, covering essentially the entire range of this orchid (31), and 68 individuals of C. maculata were sampled over a wider area but covering less of the range of this orchid. Species of fungal associates are given where fungal ITS RFLP patterns obtained directly from orchid tissue, using three restriction enzymes, were exactly matched to patterns from fungal fruit bodies. The genus Lactarius is closely related to the genus Russula, and Gymnomyces is a hypogeous genus thought to be derived from Russula (32). Collection numbers following fruit bodies refer to the following herbaria: LT, SNF, private herbarium of Thomas D. Bruns, University of California, Berkeley; DED, HDT, the Harry D. Thiers Herbarium of the San Francisco State University. Family-level designations from unmatched fungal ITS–RFLPs are based on the sequence analyses presented in Fig. 1. The two Thelephoroid fungi that were isolated from orchid tissue are designated by “I.”
Counties are in California except as noted.